Silva N S, Saad L P, Souza-Campana D R, Bueno O C, Morini M S C
Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Laboratório de Mirmecologia do Alto Tietê. Rua Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, Zip code 08701-970, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo Brazil.
Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Avenida 24-A, 1515. Bela Vista, Zip code 13.506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo Brazil.
J Econ Entomol. 2017 Feb 1;110(1):111-117. doi: 10.1093/jee/tow295.
In many sugarcane plantations in Brazil, the straw is left on the soil after harvesting, and vinasse, a by-product of the production of sugar and ethanol, is used for fertigation. Our goal was to compare ant community composition and species richness in the straw mulch of sugarcane crops with the leaf litter of neighboring forests. We tested the hypothesis that ant communities in the straw mulch of vinasse-irrigated sugarcane crops and in the forest leaf litter were similar, because the combination of straw mulching and vinasse irrigation has a positive effect on soil fauna. Straw mulch and leaf litter were collected from 21 sites and placed in Berlese funnels. In total, 61 species were found in the forest leaf litter, whereas 34 and 28 species were found in the straw mulch of sugarcane fields with and without vinasse, respectively. Ant communities differed between forest and crop fields, but the species in the sugarcane straw mulch were a subset of the species found in the forest leaf litter. Although vinasse is rich in organic matter, it did not increase ant diversity. Seven feeding and/or foraging types were identified and, among the different types, surface-foraging omnivorous ants were the most prevalent in all habitats. Vinasse-irrigated sugarcane straw mulch had more predatory species than mulch from vinasse-free fields, but fewer than forest leaf litter. However, this positive effect of vinasse irrigation should be carefully evaluated because vinasse has negative effects on the environment.
在巴西的许多甘蔗种植园中，收获后秸秆留在土壤中，而糖和乙醇生产的副产品酒糟则用于施肥灌溉。我们的目标是比较甘蔗作物秸秆覆盖物和邻近森林落叶层中的蚂蚁群落组成和物种丰富度。我们检验了这样一个假设，即酒糟灌溉的甘蔗作物秸秆覆盖物中的蚂蚁群落与森林落叶层中的蚂蚁群落相似，因为秸秆覆盖和酒糟灌溉的结合对土壤动物群有积极影响。从21个地点收集了秸秆覆盖物和落叶层，并将其放入巴氏漏斗中。总共在森林落叶层中发现了61种蚂蚁，而在有酒糟和没有酒糟的甘蔗地秸秆覆盖物中分别发现了34种和28种蚂蚁。森林和农田的蚂蚁群落不同，但甘蔗秸秆覆盖物中的物种是森林落叶层中发现的物种的一个子集。尽管酒糟富含有机物，但它并没有增加蚂蚁的多样性。确定了七种觅食和/或觅食类型，在不同类型中，地表觅食的杂食性蚂蚁在所有栖息地中最为普遍。酒糟灌溉的甘蔗秸秆覆盖物中的捕食性物种比无酒糟田地的覆盖物多，但比森林落叶层少。然而，酒糟灌溉的这种积极影响应该仔细评估，因为酒糟对环境有负面影响。
