Williams E R, Ghosh Ruby N, Martinis John M
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303.
J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol. 1992 Mar-Apr;97(2):299-304. doi: 10.6028/jres.097.010.
The charge of the electron can be determined by simply placing a known number of electrons on one electrode of a capacitor and measuring the voltage, , across the capacitor. If is measured in terms of the Josephson volt and the capacitor is measured in SI units then the fine-structure constant is the quantity determined. Recent developments involving single electron tunneling, SET, have shown bow to count the electrons as well as how to make an electrometer with sufficient sensitivity to measure the charge.
电子电荷可以通过简单地在电容器的一个电极上放置已知数量的电子，并测量电容器两端的电压来确定。如果电压用约瑟夫森电压来度量，且电容器用国际单位制单位来度量，那么精细结构常数就是所确定的量。最近涉及单电子隧穿（SET）的进展表明了如何对电子进行计数以及如何制造出具有足够灵敏度来测量电荷的静电计。
