Ahmad Zeeshan, Kratzke Robert A
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Oncolytic Virother. 2016 Dec 21;6:1-9. doi: 10.2147/OV.S116012. eCollection 2017.
Oncolytic virotherapy is the use of replication-competent viruses to treat malignancies. The potential of oncolytic virotherapy as an approach to cancer therapy is based on historical evidence that certain viral infections can cause spontaneous remission of both hematologic and solid tumor malignancies. Oncolytic virotherapy may eliminate cancer cells through either direct oncolysis of infected tumor cells or indirect immune-mediated oncolysis of uninfected tumor cells. Recent advances in oncolytic virotherapy include the development of a wide variety of genetically attenuated RNA viruses with precise cellular tropism and the identification of cell-surface receptors that facilitate viral transfer to the tissue of interest. Current research is also focused on targeting metastatic disease by sustaining the release of progeny viruses from infected tumor cells and understanding indirect tumor cell killing through immune-mediated mechanisms of virotherapy. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate recent evidence on the clinical development of tissue-specific viruses capable of targeting tumor cells and eliciting secondary immune responses in lung cancers and mesothelioma.
溶瘤病毒疗法是利用具有复制能力的病毒来治疗恶性肿瘤。溶瘤病毒疗法作为一种癌症治疗方法的潜力基于历史证据，即某些病毒感染可导致血液系统恶性肿瘤和实体瘤恶性肿瘤的自发缓解。溶瘤病毒疗法可通过直接溶瘤感染的肿瘤细胞或间接免疫介导的未感染肿瘤细胞的溶瘤作用来消除癌细胞。溶瘤病毒疗法的最新进展包括开发了多种具有精确细胞嗜性的基因减毒RNA病毒，以及鉴定了促进病毒转移到感兴趣组织的细胞表面受体。目前的研究还集中在通过维持子代病毒从感染的肿瘤细胞中释放来靶向转移性疾病，以及通过溶瘤病毒疗法的免疫介导机制了解间接肿瘤细胞杀伤。本综述的目的是批判性地评估关于能够靶向肿瘤细胞并在肺癌和间皮瘤中引发二次免疫反应的组织特异性病毒临床开发的最新证据。
