Sammallahti Sara, Heinonen Kati, Andersson Sture, Lahti Marius, Pirkola Sami, Lahti Jari, Pesonen Anu-Katriina, Lano Aulikki, Wolke Dieter, Eriksson Johan G, Kajantie Eero, Raikkonen Katri
Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Pediatr Res. 2017 May;81(5):767-774. doi: 10.1038/pr.2016.276. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
Late-preterm birth (at 34-36 wk gestation) increases the risk of early growth faltering, poorer neurocognitive functioning, and lower socio-economic attainment. Among early-preterm individuals, faster early growth benefits neurodevelopment, but it remains unknown whether these benefits extend to late-preterm individuals.
In 108 late-preterm individuals, we examined if weight, head, or length growth between birth, 5 and 20 months' corrected age, and 56 mo, predicted grade point average and special education in comprehensive school, or neurocognitive abilities and psychiatric diagnoses/symptoms at 24-26 y of age.
For every 1 SD faster weight and head growth from birth to 5 mo, and head growth from 5 to 20 mo, participants had 0.19-0.41 SD units higher IQ, executive functioning score, and grade point average (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.002-0.59 SD), and lower odds of special education (odds ratio (OR) = 0.49-0.59, 95% CIs 0.28-0.97), after adjusting for sex, gestational age, follow-up age, and parental education. Faster head growth from 20 to 56 mo was associated with less internalizing problems; otherwise we found no consistent associations with mental health outcomes.
Faster growth during the critical early period after late-preterm birth is associated with better adult neurocognitive functioning, but not consistently with mental health outcomes.
晚期早产（妊娠34 - 36周）会增加早期生长发育迟缓、神经认知功能较差以及社会经济成就较低的风险。在极早早产个体中，早期生长较快对神经发育有益，但这些益处是否也适用于晚期早产个体尚不清楚。
在108名晚期早产个体中，我们研究了出生时、矫正年龄5个月和20个月以及56个月时的体重、头围或身长增长情况，是否能预测综合学校的平均绩点和特殊教育情况，或者24 - 26岁时的神经认知能力以及精神疾病诊断/症状。
从出生到5个月，体重和头围每增长1个标准差更快，以及从5个月到20个月头围增长更快，在调整了性别、胎龄、随访年龄和父母教育程度后，参与者的智商、执行功能得分和平均绩点高0.19 - 0.41个标准差单位（95%置信区间（CI）0.002 - 0.59个标准差），接受特殊教育的几率较低（优势比（OR）= 0.49 - 0.59，95% CI 0.28 - 0.97）。从20个月到56个月头围增长更快与内化问题较少有关；否则，我们未发现与心理健康结果有一致的关联。
晚期早产出生后的关键早期阶段生长较快与更好的成人神经认知功能有关，但与心理健康结果没有一致的关联。
