Halczok Tanja K, Fischer Kerstin, Gierke Robert, Zeus Veronika, Meier Frauke, Treß Christoph, Balkema-Buschmann Anne, Puechmaille Sébastien J, Kerth Gerald
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Soldmannstr. 14, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
BMC Evol Biol. 2017 Jan 5;17(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12862-016-0856-0.
As bats have recently been described to harbor many different viruses, several studies have investigated the genetic co-variation between viruses and different bat species. However, little is known about the genetic co-variation of viruses and different populations of the same bat species, although such information is needed for an understanding of virus transmission dynamics within a given host species. We hypothesized that if virus transmission between host populations depends on events linked to gene flow in the bats, genetic co-variation should exist between host populations and astroviruses.
We used 19 nuclear and one mitochondrial microsatellite loci to analyze the genetic population structure of the Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri) within and among populations at different geographical scales in Germany. Further, we correlated the observed bat population structure to that of partial astrovirus sequences (323-394 nt fragments of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene) obtained from the same bat populations. Our analyses revealed that the studied bat colonies can be grouped into three distinct genetic clusters, corresponding to the three geographic regions sampled. Furthermore, we observed an overall isolation-by-distance pattern, while no significant pattern was observed within a geographic region. Moreover, we found no correlation between the genetic distances among the bat populations and the astrovirus sequences they harbored. Even though high genetic similarity of some of the astrovirus haplotypes found in several different regions was detected, identical astrovirus haplotypes were not shared between different sampled regions.
The genetic population structure of the bat host suggests that mating sites where several local breeding colonies meet act as stepping-stones for gene flow. Identical astrovirus haplotypes were not shared between different sampled regions suggesting that astroviruses are mostly transmitted among host colonies at the local scale. Nevertheless, high genetic similarity of some of the astrovirus haplotypes found in several different regions implies that occasional transmission across regions with subsequent mutations of the virus haplotypes does occur.
由于最近发现蝙蝠携带许多不同的病毒，一些研究调查了病毒与不同蝙蝠物种之间的基因共变情况。然而，对于病毒与同一蝙蝠物种的不同种群之间的基因共变情况却知之甚少，尽管了解给定宿主物种内的病毒传播动态需要此类信息。我们推测，如果宿主种群之间的病毒传播取决于与蝙蝠基因流动相关的事件，那么宿主种群与星状病毒之间应该存在基因共变。
我们使用19个核微卫星位点和1个线粒体微卫星位点，分析了德国不同地理尺度的纳氏鼠耳蝠（Myotis nattereri）种群内部和种群之间的遗传种群结构。此外，我们将观察到的蝙蝠种群结构与从同一蝙蝠种群获得的部分星状病毒序列（RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶基因的323 - 394 nt片段）的结构进行了关联。我们的分析表明，所研究的蝙蝠群落可分为三个不同的遗传簇，对应于采样的三个地理区域。此外，我们观察到总体上存在距离隔离模式，而在一个地理区域内未观察到显著模式。此外，我们发现蝙蝠种群之间的遗传距离与其所携带的星状病毒序列之间没有相关性。尽管在几个不同区域发现的一些星状病毒单倍型具有高度的遗传相似性，但不同采样区域之间并未共享相同的星状病毒单倍型。
蝙蝠宿主的遗传种群结构表明，几个当地繁殖群落交汇的交配地点充当了基因流动的踏脚石。不同采样区域之间未共享相同的星状病毒单倍型，这表明星状病毒大多在局部尺度的宿主群落之间传播。然而，在几个不同区域发现的一些星状病毒单倍型具有高度的遗传相似性，这意味着确实偶尔会发生跨区域传播以及随后病毒单倍型的突变。
