Hydrogen Sulfide as a "Double-Faced" Compound: One with Pro- and Antioxidant Effect.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS), like other gasotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), acts as a signaling molecule in various biological systems. It may also regulate the oxidative stress observed in several diseases sometimes associated with changes of HS concentration. This chapter describes the "double face" of hydrogen sulfide as both an antioxidant and a prooxidant in biological systems. One proposed mechanism by which HS exerts its antioxidative effects is its ability to modulate the concentration of glutathione, which is a very important physiological antioxidant. This chapter discusses the interactions of HS with various reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, including the superoxide radical anion [Formula: see text] , hydrogen peroxide (HO), and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO), which is produced in a rapid reaction between [Formula: see text] and NO.