Hine Christopher, Patel Anand Kumar, Ponti András K
Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Subcell Biochem. 2024;107:129-172. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-66768-8_7.
With ageing comes some of life's best and worst moments. Those lucky enough to live out into the seventh, eighth, and nineth decades and perhaps beyond have more opportunities to experience the wonders and joys of the world. As the world's population shifts towards more and more of these individuals, this is something to be celebrated. However, it is not without negative consequences. Advanced age also ushers in health decline and the burden of non-communicable diseases such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, and organ function decay. Thus, alleviating or at least dampening the severity of ageing as a whole, as well as these individual age-related disorders will enable the improvement in lifespan and healthspan. In the following chapter, we delve into hypothesised causes of ageing and experimental interventions that can be taken to slow their progression. We also highlight cellular and subcellular mechanisms of ageing with a focus on protein thiol oxidation and posttranslational modifications that impact cellular homeostasis and the advent and progression of ageing-related cancers. By having a better understanding of the mechanisms of ageing, we can hopefully develop effective, safe, and efficient therapeutic modalities that can be used prophylactically and/or concurrent to the onset of ageing.
衰老伴随着人生中一些最好和最坏的时刻。那些有幸活到七十、八十、九十岁甚至更久的人有更多机会体验世界的奇妙和喜悦。随着世界人口越来越多地向这些人转变，这是值得庆祝的事情。然而，这并非没有负面后果。高龄还会带来健康衰退以及癌症、心脏病、中风和器官功能衰退等非传染性疾病的负担。因此，减轻或至少减轻整体衰老的严重程度以及这些与年龄相关的个体疾病，将有助于延长寿命和健康寿命。在接下来的章节中，我们将深入探讨衰老的假设原因以及可以采取的减缓其进程的实验性干预措施。我们还将重点介绍衰老的细胞和亚细胞机制，重点关注影响细胞稳态以及衰老相关癌症的发生和发展的蛋白质硫醇氧化和翻译后修饰。通过更好地理解衰老机制，我们有望开发出有效、安全和高效的治疗方法，可用于预防和/或在衰老开始时同时使用。
