Rawlings J S
Furman University, Greenville, SC, United States.
Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2017;106:17-42. doi: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.08.001. Epub 2016 Sep 22.
T lymphocytes (T cells) comprise a critical component of the immune system charged with diverse functions during an immune response. As a function of maturation in the thymus, T cells become quiescent and remain so until they participate in an immune response in the periphery. Recent work indicates that the control of T cell proliferation is mediated, at least in part, by chromatin architecture. Quiescent T cells possess a condensed chromatin, whereas proliferating T cells have a more open chromatin configuration. The structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complexes, which include Cohesin and Condensin, have long been known to play roles in modulating chromatin architecture during cell division; however, they are now known to have additional roles during interphase biology. These roles include the large-scale reorganization of chromatin as well as the regulation of specific gene loci. This review focuses on the roles that SMC complexes play in T cell development and function.
T淋巴细胞（T细胞）是免疫系统的关键组成部分，在免疫反应中发挥多种功能。作为在胸腺中成熟的结果，T细胞进入静止状态并保持这种状态，直到它们在外周参与免疫反应。最近的研究表明，T细胞增殖的控制至少部分是由染色质结构介导的。静止的T细胞具有浓缩的染色质，而增殖的T细胞具有更开放的染色质构型。长期以来已知包括黏连蛋白和凝聚蛋白在内的染色体结构维持（SMC）复合物在细胞分裂过程中调节染色质结构方面发挥作用；然而，现在已知它们在间期生物学中还有其他作用。这些作用包括染色质的大规模重组以及特定基因位点的调控。本综述重点关注SMC复合物在T细胞发育和功能中所起的作用。
