University of Amsterdam Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Soil erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, Universitat de Valencia, Blasco Ibañez, 28, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Mar 1;581-582:153-160. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.087. Epub 2017 Jan 3.
The agricultural management of citrus orchards is changing from flood irrigated managed orchards to drip irrigated organic managed orchards. Eastern Spain is the oldest and largest European producer of citrus, and is representative of the environmental changes triggered by innovations in orchard management. In order to determine the impact of land management on different soil quality parameters, twelve citrus orchards sites were selected with different land and irrigation management techniques. Soil samples were taken at two depths, 0-2cm and 5-10cm for studying soil quality parameters under the different treatments. Half of the studied orchards were organically managed and the other six were conventionally managed, and for each of these six study sites three fields were flood irrigated plots and the other three drip irrigated systems. The outcome of the studied parameters was that soil organic matter (SOM) and aggregate stability were higher for organic farms. Bulk density and pH were only significantly different for organic farms when drip irrigation was applied in comparison with flooded plots. C/N ratio did not vary significantly for the four treatments. Although there are some points of discussion, this research shows that a combination of different management decisions leads to improvement of a couple of soil quality parameters. Organic management practices were found to be beneficial for soil quality, compared to conventional management for soils with comparable textures and applied irrigation water.
柑橘园的农业管理正从漫灌管理果园转向滴灌有机管理果园。西班牙东部是欧洲最古老和最大的柑橘生产地，也是果园管理创新引发环境变化的典型代表。为了确定土地管理对不同土壤质量参数的影响，选择了 12 个具有不同土地和灌溉管理技术的柑橘园场地。在不同处理下，采集了 0-2cm 和 5-10cm 两个深度的土壤样本，以研究土壤质量参数。所研究的果园有一半是有机管理的，其余六个是常规管理的，对于这六个研究点中的每一个，三个是漫灌地块，另外三个是滴灌系统。研究结果表明，有机农场的土壤有机质（SOM）和团聚体稳定性更高。与漫灌地块相比，只有在滴灌应用时，有机农场的土壤容重和 pH 值才有显著差异。C/N 比在四种处理方式下没有显著差异。尽管存在一些讨论点，但这项研究表明，不同管理决策的结合会导致一些土壤质量参数的改善。与常规管理相比，在具有类似质地和应用灌溉水的土壤中，有机管理实践有利于土壤质量。
