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沙棘（胡颓子科沙棘属）中的卫星DNA和转座元件，沙棘是一种具有小Y染色体和大X染色体的雌雄异株植物。

Satellite DNA and Transposable Elements in Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), a Dioecious Plant with Small Y and Large X Chromosomes.

作者信息

Puterova Janka, Razumova Olga, Martinek Tomas, Alexandrov Oleg, Divashuk Mikhail, Kubat Zdenek, Hobza Roman, Karlov Gennady, Kejnovsky Eduard

机构信息

Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.

Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.

出版信息

Genome Biol Evol. 2017 Jan 1;9(1):197-212. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evw303.

DOI:10.1093/gbe/evw303
PMID:28057732
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5381607/
Abstract

Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a dioecious shrub commonly used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and environmental industry as a source of oil, minerals and vitamins. In this study, we analyzed the transposable elements and satellites in its genome. We carried out Illumina DNA sequencing and reconstructed the main repetitive DNA sequences. For data analysis, we developed a new bioinformatics approach for advanced satellite DNA analysis and showed that about 25% of the genome consists of satellite DNA and about 24% is formed of transposable elements, dominated by Ty3/Gypsy and Ty1/Copia LTR retrotransposons. FISH mapping revealed X chromosome-accumulated, Y chromosome-specific or both sex chromosomes-accumulated satellites but most satellites were found on autosomes. Transposable elements were located mostly in the subtelomeres of all chromosomes. The 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA were localized on one autosomal locus each. Although we demonstrated the small size of the Y chromosome of the seabuckthorn and accumulated satellite DNA there, we were unable to estimate the age and extent of the Y chromosome degeneration. Analysis of dioecious relatives such as Shepherdia would shed more light on the evolution of these sex chromosomes.

摘要

沙棘（沙棘属）是一种雌雄异株的灌木，在制药、化妆品和环保行业中常用作油、矿物质和维生素的来源。在本研究中，我们分析了其基因组中的转座元件和卫星序列。我们进行了Illumina DNA测序并重建了主要的重复DNA序列。为了进行数据分析，我们开发了一种新的生物信息学方法用于高级卫星DNA分析，结果表明约25%的基因组由卫星DNA组成，约24%由转座元件构成，其中以Ty3/Gypsy和Ty1/Copia长末端重复逆转座子为主。荧光原位杂交图谱显示X染色体上有累积、Y染色体特异性或两条性染色体上都有累积的卫星序列，但大多数卫星序列位于常染色体上。转座元件大多位于所有染色体的亚端粒区域。5S rDNA和45S rDNA分别定位于一个常染色体位点。尽管我们证明了沙棘Y染色体的小尺寸并在其上累积了卫星DNA，但我们无法估计Y染色体退化的时间和程度。对诸如水牛果属等雌雄异株近缘种的分析将为这些性染色体的进化提供更多线索。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/39cf/5381607/b89035b26231/evw303f6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/39cf/5381607/ae46f0edf9bf/evw303f1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/39cf/5381607/339ce2979a9e/evw303f2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/39cf/5381607/d8b3a8a22886/evw303f3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/39cf/5381607/0a711eb34c60/evw303f5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/39cf/5381607/b89035b26231/evw303f6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/39cf/5381607/ae46f0edf9bf/evw303f1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/39cf/5381607/339ce2979a9e/evw303f2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/39cf/5381607/d8b3a8a22886/evw303f3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/39cf/5381607/0a711eb34c60/evw303f5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/39cf/5381607/b89035b26231/evw303f6.jpg

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