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[老年创伤学:谵妄的多模式预防及强化技术的应用]

[Traumatology in the elderly : Multimodal prevention of delirium and use of augmentation techniques].

作者信息

Wähnert D, Roos A, Glasbrenner J, Ilting-Reuke K, Ohrmann P, Hempel G, Duning T, Roeder N, Raschke M J

机构信息

Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.

Stabstelle Demenzsensibles Krankenhaus, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland.

出版信息

Chirurg. 2017 Feb;88(2):95-104. doi: 10.1007/s00104-016-0339-2.

Abstract

Recent data show that 20-80% of surgery patients are affected by delirium during inpatient clinical treatment. The medical consequences are often dramatic and include a 20 times higher mortality and treatment expenses of the medical unit increase considerably. At the University Hospital of Münster a multimodal and interdisciplinary concept for prevention and management of delirium was developed: all patients older than 65 years admitted for surgery are screened by a specialized team for the risk of developing delirium and treated by members of the team if there is a risk of delirium. Studies proved that by this multimodal approach the incidence of delirium was lowered and therefore the quality of medical care improved.When surgical treatment of fractures in the elderly is required, limited bone quality as well as pre-existing implants can complicate the procedure. Secondary loss of reduction after osteosynthesis and avulsion of the implant in particular must be prevented. Augmentation of the osteosynthetic implant with bone cement can increase the bone-implant interface and therefore stability can be improved. Additional intraoperative 3D imaging can be necessary depending on the localization of the fracture. In biomechanical studies we could prove greater stability in the osteosynthesis of osteoporotic fractures of the distal femur when using additional bone cement; therefore, the use of bone cement is an important tool, which helps to prevent complications in the surgical treatment of fractures in the elderly. Nevertheless, special implants and technical skills are required and some safety aspects should be considered.

摘要

近期数据显示,20%至80%的手术患者在住院临床治疗期间会受到谵妄影响。其医学后果往往很严重,包括死亡率高出20倍,且医疗单位的治疗费用大幅增加。在明斯特大学医院,制定了一个针对谵妄预防和管理的多模式跨学科概念:所有65岁以上因手术入院的患者由一个专业团队进行谵妄发生风险筛查,若有谵妄风险则由该团队成员进行治疗。研究证明,通过这种多模式方法,谵妄的发生率降低,从而医疗质量得到提高。当需要对老年人进行骨折手术治疗时,骨质有限以及先前存在的植入物会使手术过程复杂化。尤其必须防止骨合成术后复位的二次丢失以及植入物的撕脱。用骨水泥增强骨合成植入物可增加骨与植入物的界面,从而提高稳定性。根据骨折的位置,可能需要额外的术中三维成像。在生物力学研究中,我们能够证明在使用额外骨水泥时,股骨远端骨质疏松性骨折的骨合成具有更高的稳定性;因此,使用骨水泥是一种重要工具,有助于预防老年人骨折手术治疗中的并发症。然而,需要特殊的植入物和技术技能,并且应考虑一些安全方面的问题。

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