Wolff Mary S, Buckley Jessie P, Engel Stephanie M, McConnell Rob S, Barr Dana B
aIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York bUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina cBloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland dKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California eRollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2017 Apr;29(2):218-224. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000455.
The purpose of this review is to identify emerging developmental toxicants that are understudied in children's health. Exposures may arise from new products designed to improve utility, to reduce toxicity, or to replace undesirable chemicals. Exposures to less-toxic chemicals may also be significant if they are very commonly used, thereby generating widespread exposure. Sources of exposure include the workplace, personal, home, and office products; food, water, and air.
We describe eight exposure categories that contain numerous potential developmental toxicants. References are discussed if reported in PubMed during the past decade at least 10 times more frequently than in 1990-2000. Examples included phthalates, phenols, sunscreens, pesticides, halogenated flame retardants, perfluoroalkyl coatings, nanoparticles, e-cigarettes, and dietary polyphenols. Replacements are often close structural homologs of their precursors. We suggest biomonitoring as preferred means of exposure assessment to emerging chemicals. Some existing analytic methods would require minimal modification to measure these exposures, but others require toxicokinetic and analytic investigation.
A deliberate strategy for biomonitoring of emerging replacement chemicals is warranted, especially in view of concerns regarding developmental toxicity. To prevent adverse health effects, it is important to characterize such exposures before they become widely disseminated.
本综述旨在识别在儿童健康领域研究较少的新型发育毒物。接触可能源于旨在提高实用性、降低毒性或替代不良化学物质的新产品。如果低毒化学物质被广泛使用，其接触量也可能很大，从而导致广泛暴露。接触源包括工作场所、个人、家庭和办公产品；食物、水和空气。
我们描述了八个接触类别，其中包含众多潜在的发育毒物。如果在过去十年中，PubMed上报道的频率至少比1990 - 2000年高10倍，我们会对相关参考文献进行讨论。例子包括邻苯二甲酸盐、酚类、防晒霜、农药、卤代阻燃剂、全氟烷基涂层、纳米颗粒、电子烟和膳食多酚。替代品通常是其前身的紧密结构同系物。我们建议将生物监测作为评估新兴化学物质接触情况的首选方法。一些现有的分析方法只需进行最小程度的修改就能测量这些接触，但其他方法则需要进行毒代动力学和分析研究。
鉴于对发育毒性的担忧，有必要制定一项针对新兴替代化学物质的生物监测策略。为防止对健康产生不良影响，在这些接触广泛传播之前对其进行特征描述非常重要。
