McGowan Stephen
Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, C33B GH, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Cell Tissue Res. 2017 Mar;367(3):707-719. doi: 10.1007/s00441-016-2542-3. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
Although pulmonary alveolar interstitial fibroblasts are less specialized than their epithelial and endothelial neighbors, they play essential roles during development and in response to lung injury. At birth, they must adapt to the sudden mechanical changes imposed by the onset of respiration and to a higher ambient oxygen concentration. In diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and interstitial fibrosis, their adaptive responses are overwhelmed leading to compromised gas-exchange function. Thus, although fibroblasts do not directly participate in gas-exchange, they are essential for creating and maintaining an optimal environment at the alveolar epithelial-endothelial interface. This review summarizes new information and concepts about the ontogeny differentiation, and function of alveolar fibroblasts. Alveolar development will be emphasized, because the development of strategies to evoke alveolar repair and regeneration hinges on thoroughly understanding the way that resident fibroblasts populate specific locations in which extracellular matrix must be produced and remodeled. Other recent reviews have described the disruption that diseases cause to the fibroblast niche and so my objective is to illustrate how the unique developmental origins and differentiation pathways could be harnessed favorably to augment certain fibroblast subpopulations and to optimize the conditions for alveolar regeneration.
尽管肺泡间质成纤维细胞的特化程度低于其相邻的上皮细胞和内皮细胞，但它们在发育过程中以及对肺损伤的反应中发挥着重要作用。出生时，它们必须适应呼吸开始所带来的突然机械变化以及更高的环境氧浓度。在支气管肺发育不良和间质性纤维化等疾病中，它们的适应性反应不堪重负，导致气体交换功能受损。因此，尽管成纤维细胞不直接参与气体交换，但它们对于在肺泡上皮 - 内皮界面创造和维持最佳环境至关重要。本综述总结了有关肺泡成纤维细胞的个体发生、分化和功能的新信息和概念。将重点强调肺泡发育，因为引发肺泡修复和再生策略的发展取决于透彻理解驻留成纤维细胞在必须产生和重塑细胞外基质的特定位置聚集的方式。其他近期综述已经描述了疾病对成纤维细胞生态位造成的破坏，因此我的目的是说明如何有利地利用独特的发育起源和分化途径来增加某些成纤维细胞亚群，并优化肺泡再生的条件。
