Stoyanov Borislav, Georgieva Simona, Pankov Plamen, Kudlai Olena, Kostadinova Aneta, Georgiev Boyko B
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Institute of Parasitology Biology, Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Syst Parasitol. 2017 Jan;94(1):1-20. doi: 10.1007/s11230-016-9680-6. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
Metacercariae of two species of Posthodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 (Digenea: Diplostomidae) were subjected to morphological and molecular studies: P. brevicaudatum (von Nordmann, 1832) from Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.) (Gasterosteiformes: Gasterosteidae), Bulgaria (morphology, cox1 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and Perca fluviatilis L. (Perciformes: Percidae), Czech Republic (morphology, cox1, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S); and P. centrarchi Hoffman, 1958 from Lepomis gibbosus (L.) (Perciformes: Centrarchidae), Bulgaria (morphology, cox1 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and Slovakia (cox1 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). In addition, cercariae of P. cuticola (von Nordmann, 1832) from Planorbis planorbis (L.) (Mollusca: Planorbidae), Lithuania (morphology and cox1) and metacercariae of Ornithodiplostomum scardinii (Schulman in Dubinin, 1952) from Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), Czech Republic, were examined (morphology, cox1, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S). These represent the first molecular data for species of Posthodiplostomum and Ornithodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 from the Palaearctic. Phylogenetic analyses based on cox1 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, using O. scardinii as the outgroup and including the three newly-sequenced Posthodiplostomum spp. from Europe and eight published unidentified (presumably species-level) lineages of Posthodiplostomum from Canada confirmed the distinct status of the three European species (contrary to the generally accepted opinion that only P. brevicaudatum and P. cuticola occur in the Palaearctic). The subspecies Posthodiplostomum minimum centrarchi Hoffmann, 1958, originally described from North America, is elevated to the species level as Posthodiplostomum centrarchi Hoffman, 1958. The undescribed "Posthodiplostomum sp. 3" of Locke et al. (2010) from centrarchid fishes in Canada has identical sequences with the European isolates of P. centrarchi and is recognised as belonging to the same species. The latter parasite, occurring in the alien pumpkinseed sunfish Lepomis gibbosus in Europe, is also supposed to be alien for this continent. It is speculated that it colonised Europe long ago and is currently widespread (recorded in Bulgaria, Slovakia and Spain); based on the cox1 sequence of an adult digenean isolate from the Ebro Delta, Spain, only the grey heron (Ardea cinerea L.) (Ciconiiformes: Ardeidae) is known to be its definitive host in Europe.
对两种后殖吸虫（1936年，杜布瓦后殖吸虫属，复殖目：双口科）的尾蚴进行了形态学和分子研究：来自保加利亚棘鱼（鲈形目：棘鱼科）的短尾后殖吸虫（冯·诺德曼，1832年）（形态学、细胞色素氧化酶亚基1和内转录间隔区1-5.8S-内转录间隔区2）和来自捷克共和国河鲈（鲈形目：鲈科）的短尾后殖吸虫（形态学、细胞色素氧化酶亚基1、内转录间隔区1-5.8S-内转录间隔区2和28S）；以及来自保加利亚驼背太阳鱼（鲈形目：太阳鱼科）的中后殖吸虫（霍夫曼，1958年）（形态学、细胞色素氧化酶亚基1和内转录间隔区1-5.8S-内转录间隔区2）和来自斯洛伐克的中后殖吸虫（细胞色素氧化酶亚基1和内转录间隔区1-5.8S-内转录间隔区2）。此外，还检查了来自立陶宛平扁圆扁螺（软体动物：扁卷螺科）的尖尾后殖吸虫（冯·诺德曼，1832年）的尾蚴（形态学和细胞色素氧化酶亚基1）以及来自捷克共和国赤眼鳟（鲤形目：鲤科）的斯卡迪尼鸟后殖吸虫（舒尔曼，1952年，杜宾宁记述）的后尾蚴（形态学、细胞色素氧化酶亚基1、内转录间隔区1-5.8S-内转录间隔区2和28S）。这些代表了来自古北区的1936年杜布瓦后殖吸虫属和鸟后殖吸虫属物种的首批分子数据。以斯卡迪尼鸟后殖吸虫为外群，基于细胞色素氧化酶亚基1和内转录间隔区1-5.8S-内转录间隔区2进行系统发育分析，包括来自欧洲的三个新测序的后殖吸虫物种以及来自加拿大的八个已发表的未鉴定（推测为物种水平）的后殖吸虫谱系，证实了这三个欧洲物种的独特地位（与普遍接受的观点相反，即古北区仅存在短尾后殖吸虫和尖尾后殖吸虫）。最初从北美描述的1958年中后殖吸虫亚种最小中后殖吸虫，现提升为物种水平，即1958年中后殖吸虫。洛克等人（2010年）在加拿大太阳鱼科鱼类中未描述的“后殖吸虫3号种”与欧洲中后殖吸虫分离株具有相同序列，被认定属于同一物种。后一种寄生虫存在于欧洲外来的驼背太阳鱼中，也被认为是该大陆的外来物种。据推测，它很久以前就已在欧洲定殖，目前分布广泛（在保加利亚、斯洛伐克和西班牙有记录）；根据来自西班牙埃布罗三角洲的一种成年复殖吸虫分离株的细胞色素氧化酶亚基1序列，已知欧洲仅苍鹭（鹭科：苍鹭属）是其终末宿主。
