Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1454:107-155. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_4.
Trematodes of the order Diplostomida are well known as serious pathogens of man, and both farm and wild animals; members of the genus Schistosoma (Schistosomatidae) are responsible for human schistosomosis (schistosomiasis) affecting more than 200 million people in tropical and subtropical countries, and infections of mammals and birds by animal schistosomes are of great veterinary importance. The order Diplostomida is also rich in species parasitizing other major taxa of vertebrates. The "Aporocotylidae" sensu lato are pathogenic in fish, "Spirorchiidae" sensu lato in reptiles. All these flukes have two-host life cycles, with asexually reproducing larvae usually in mollusks and occasionally in annelids, and adults usually live in the blood vessels of their vertebrate hosts. Pathology is frequently associated with inflammatory reactions to eggs trapped in various tissues/organs. On the other hand, the representatives of Diplostomidae and Strigeidae have three- or four-host life cycles in which vertebrates often serve not only as definitive but also as intermediate or paratenic hosts. Pathology is usually associated with migration of metacercariae and mesocercariae within the host tissues. The impact of these trematode infections on both farm and wild animals may be significant.
双腔目吸虫是一类众所周知的严重人畜共患寄生虫，其中裂体科（Schistosomatidae）的血吸虫属（Schistosoma）可引起人类血吸虫病（schistosomiasis），影响热带和亚热带地区 2 亿多人，哺乳动物和鸟类的动物血吸虫感染具有重要的兽医意义。双腔目吸虫还寄生在其他主要的脊椎动物类群中。广义的“棘口科”（Aporocotylidae）在鱼类中具有致病性，广义的“旋尾科”（Spirorchiidae）在爬行动物中具有致病性。所有这些吸虫都有两个宿主的生命周期，无性繁殖的幼虫通常在软体动物中，偶尔在环节动物中，成虫通常生活在其脊椎动物宿主的血管中。病理学通常与被困在各种组织/器官中的卵引起的炎症反应有关。另一方面，双腔科（Diplostomidae）和片形科（Strigeidae）的代表具有三宿主或四宿主的生命周期，其中脊椎动物通常不仅作为终末宿主，而且作为中间宿主或副宿主。病理学通常与幼虫和中绦期在宿主组织内的迁移有关。这些吸虫感染对农场动物和野生动物的影响可能是重大的。
