Zotta T, Parente E, Ricciardi A
Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione-CNR, Avellino, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
J Appl Microbiol. 2017 Apr;122(4):857-869. doi: 10.1111/jam.13399. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
This review outlines the recent advances in the knowledge on aerobic and respiratory growth of lactic acid bacteria, focusing on the features of respiration-competent lactobacilli. The species of the genus Lactobacillus have been traditionally classified as oxygen-tolerant anaerobes, but it has been demonstrated that several strains are able to use oxygen as a substrate in reactions mediated by flavin oxidases and, in some cases, to synthesize a minimal respiratory chain. The occurrence of genes related to aerobic and respiratory metabolism and to oxidative stress response apparently correlates with the taxonomic position of lactobacilli. Members of the ecologically versatile Lactobacillus casei, L. plantarum and L. sakei groups are apparently best equipped to deal with aerobic/respiratory growth. The shift from anaerobic growth to aerobic (oxygen) and/or respiratory promoting (oxygen, exogenous haem and menaquinone) conditions offers physiological advantages and affects the pattern of metabolite production in several species. Even if this does not result in dramatic increases in biomass production and growth rate, cells grown in these conditions have improved tolerance to heat and oxidative stresses. An overview of benefits and of the potential applications of Lactobacillus cultures grown under aerobic or respiratory conditions is also discussed.
本综述概述了乳酸菌有氧和呼吸生长方面知识的最新进展，重点关注具有呼吸能力的乳酸杆菌的特征。传统上，乳酸杆菌属的物种被归类为耐氧厌氧菌，但已证明一些菌株能够在黄素氧化酶介导的反应中利用氧气作为底物，在某些情况下，还能合成最小的呼吸链。与有氧和呼吸代谢以及氧化应激反应相关的基因的出现显然与乳酸杆菌的分类地位相关。生态适应性广泛的干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和清酒乳杆菌组的成员显然最有能力应对有氧/呼吸生长。从厌氧生长转变为有氧（氧气）和/或呼吸促进（氧气、外源性血红素和甲基萘醌）条件具有生理优势，并影响多个物种的代谢产物产生模式。即使这不会导致生物量产量和生长速率的显著增加，但在这些条件下生长的细胞对热和氧化应激的耐受性有所提高。本文还讨论了在有氧或呼吸条件下培养的乳酸杆菌培养物的益处及潜在应用概述。
