Singer Brett C, Harley Robert A
a University of California , Berkeley , California , USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1996 Jun;46(6):581-593. doi: 10.1080/10473289.1996.10467492.
A fuel-based methodology for calculating motor vehicle emission inventories is presented. In the fuel-based method, emission factors are normalized to fuel consumption and expressed as grams of pollutant emitted per gallon of gasoline burned. Fleet-average emission factors are calculated from the measured on-road emissions of a large, random sample of vehicles. Gasoline use is known at the state level from sales tax data, and may be disaggregated to individual air basins. A fuel-based motor vehicle CO inventory was calculated for the South Coast Air Basin in California for summer 1991. Emission factors were calculated from remote sensing measurements of more than 70,000 in-use vehicles. Stabilized exhaust emissions of CO were estimated to be 4400 tons/day for cars and 1500 tons/day for light-duty and medium- duty trucks, with an estimated uncertainty of ±20% for cars and ±30% for trucks. Total motor vehicle CO emissions, including incremental start emissions and emissions from heavy-duty vehicles were estimated to be 7900 tons/day. Fuelbased inventory estimates were greater than those of California's MVEI 7F model by factors of 2.2 for cars and 2.6 for trucks. A draft version of California's MVEI 7G model, which includes increased contributions from high-emitting vehicles and off-cycle emissions, predicted CO emissions which closely matched the fuel-based inventory. An analysis of CO mass emissions as a function of vehicle age revealed that cars and trucks which were ten or more years old were responsible for 58% of stabilized exhaust CO emissions from all cars and trucks.
介绍了一种基于燃料的机动车排放清单计算方法。在基于燃料的方法中，排放因子按燃料消耗进行归一化处理，并表示为每燃烧一加仑汽油排放的污染物克数。车队平均排放因子是根据大量随机抽样车辆的实测道路排放计算得出的。汽油使用量可从销售税数据得知州一级的数据，并且可以细分到各个空气流域。计算了1991年夏季加利福尼亚州南海岸空气流域基于燃料的机动车一氧化碳排放清单。排放因子是根据对70000多辆在用车辆的遥感测量计算得出的。估计汽车的一氧化碳稳定尾气排放量为4400吨/天，轻型和中型卡车为1500吨/天，汽车的估计不确定性为±20%，卡车为±30%。包括增量启动排放和重型车辆排放在内的机动车一氧化碳总排放量估计为7900吨/天。基于燃料的清单估计值比加利福尼亚州的MVEI 7F模型的估计值高，汽车高出2.2倍，卡车高出2.6倍。加利福尼亚州MVEI 7G模型的草案版本，其中包括高排放车辆和非循环排放的贡献增加，预测的一氧化碳排放量与基于燃料的清单密切匹配。对一氧化碳质量排放作为车辆使用年限的函数进行分析表明，使用年限在十年或以上的汽车和卡车占所有汽车和卡车稳定尾气一氧化碳排放量的58%。
