Hauton Chris
Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, European Way, Southampton, Hants SO14 3ZH, UK.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2017 Jul;147:111-117. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.01.002. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
The sustainable intensification of crustacean aquaculture, which is dominated by the farming of penaeid shrimp species, continues to be beset by viral disease outbreaks. Despite this, reports exist of differential susceptibility to viral infection between different shrimp species and populations, and between shrimp and other decapod crustaceans. These reports have, in part, provided the motivation to identify key mechanisms of antiviral resistance, or refractivity, in commercially-important species. Within the last decade these studies have created significant advances in our understanding of host virus interactions in decapod models. However, at the same time, the complexity of host virus interactions has presented significant challenges for interpretation of anti-viral immune responses. In this short review, recent progress in our understanding of the complexity of host virus interactions are considered, and challenges to the unequivocal identification of anti-viral immunity are highlighted. Special consideration is given to the advances in understanding being created by the use of RNA interference approaches. Based on the 'state of the art', it is concluded that the identification of effective intervention strategies for application at farm scale currently presents an unrealistic target for the aquaculture industry. Future technical developments necessary to support continued progress are also considered.
以对虾养殖为主导的甲壳类水产养殖的可持续集约化，仍持续受到病毒性疾病爆发的困扰。尽管如此，已有报道称不同虾类品种和种群之间，以及虾类与其他十足目甲壳类动物之间对病毒感染的易感性存在差异。这些报道在一定程度上促使人们去识别商业上重要品种中抗病毒抗性或耐病性的关键机制。在过去十年中，这些研究在我们对十足目模型中宿主与病毒相互作用的理解方面取得了重大进展。然而，与此同时，宿主与病毒相互作用的复杂性给抗病毒免疫反应的解释带来了重大挑战。在这篇简短的综述中，我们探讨了在理解宿主与病毒相互作用复杂性方面的最新进展，并强调了明确识别抗病毒免疫的挑战。特别关注了利用RNA干扰方法所取得的理解进展。基于目前的“技术水平”，得出的结论是，确定在养殖规模上应用的有效干预策略目前对水产养殖业来说是一个不切实际的目标。还考虑了支持持续进展所需的未来技术发展。
