Leovic Kelly, Whitaker Don, Northeim Coleen, Sheldon Linda
a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , National Risk Management Research Laboratory , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA.
b Research Triangle Institute , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1998 Oct;48(10):915-923. doi: 10.1080/10473289.1998.10463750.
A large chamber test method for measuring indoor air emissions from office equipment was developed, evaluated, and revised based on the initial testing of four dry-process photocopiers. Because all chambers may not necessarily produce similar results (e.g., due to differences in sink effects, temperature and humidity control, air exchange, pollutant monitoring, and measurement biases), a preliminary four-laboratory evaluation of the revised test method was conducted. To minimize variability, the evaluation used a single dry-process photocopier that was shipped to each of the four laboratories along with supplies (i.e., toner and paper). The results of this preliminary four-laboratory evaluation demonstrate that the test method was used successfully in the different chambers to measure emissions from dry-process photocopiers. Differences in chamber design and construction appeared to have had minimal effect on the results for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Perhaps more important than the chamber itself is the sample analysis as identified by duplicate samples that were analyzed by a different laboratory. Percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) was used to provide a simplistic view of interlaboratory precision for this evaluation. Excluding problems with suspected analytical bias observed from one of the laboratories, the precision was excellent for the VOCs with RSDs of less than 10% in most cases. Less precision was observed among the laboratories for aldehydes/ketones (RSD of 23.2% for formaldehyde). The precision for ozone emission rates among three of the laboratories was excellent (RSD of 7.9%), but emission rates measured at the fourth laboratory were much higher.
基于对四台干法复印机的初步测试，开发、评估并修订了一种用于测量办公设备室内空气排放的大型舱室测试方法。由于所有舱室不一定会产生相似的结果（例如，由于吸附效应、温度和湿度控制、空气交换、污染物监测以及测量偏差的差异），因此对修订后的测试方法进行了初步的四实验室评估。为了尽量减少变异性，评估使用了一台干法复印机，该复印机与耗材（即碳粉和纸张）一起运送到四个实验室中的每一个。这次初步的四实验室评估结果表明，该测试方法在不同的舱室中成功用于测量干法复印机的排放。舱室设计和构造的差异似乎对挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的结果影响最小。也许比舱室本身更重要的是样本分析，这一点通过由不同实验室分析的重复样本得到了体现。相对标准偏差百分比（%RSD）用于为该评估提供实验室间精密度的简单视图。除了一个实验室观察到的疑似分析偏差问题外，大多数情况下VOCs的精密度非常好，RSD小于10%。醛/酮类物质在各实验室间的精密度较低（甲醛的RSD为23.2%）。三个实验室的臭氧排放率精密度非常好（RSD为7.9%），但第四个实验室测量的排放率要高得多。
