Henschel D B, Fortmann R C, Roache N F, Liu X
National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2001 May;51(5):708-17. doi: 10.1080/10473289.2001.10464309.
A laboratory thermal desorption apparatus was used to measure emissions from a number of nominally identical photocopier toners--manufactured to meet the specifications of one specific model copier--when these toners were heated to fuser temperature (180-200 degrees C). The objective was to assess how potential volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the toner for a given copier can vary, depending upon the production run and the supplier. Tests were performed on a series of toner (and associated raw polymer feedstock) samples obtained directly from a toner manufacturer, representing two production runs using a nonvented extrusion process, and on toner cartridges purchased from two local retailers, representing three different production lots (histories unknown). The results showed that the retailer toners consistently had up to 350% higher emissions of some major compounds (expressed as microgram of compound emitted/g of toner), and up to 100% lower emissions of others, relative to the manufacturer toners (p < or = 0.01). The manufacturer toners from one production run had emissions of certain compounds, and of total VOCs, that were modestly higher (13-18%) than those from the other run (p < or = 0.01). The emission differences between the retailer and manufacturer toners are probably due to differences in the manufacturing processes and/or feedstocks used to produce the toners from these different sources.
使用实验室热脱附装置来测量一些名义上相同的复印机碳粉（按照一种特定型号复印机的规格制造）在加热到定影温度（180 - 200摄氏度）时的排放情况。目的是评估给定复印机的碳粉中潜在的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）排放如何因生产批次和供应商的不同而变化。对直接从碳粉制造商处获得的一系列碳粉（及相关的原始聚合物原料）样品进行了测试，这些样品代表了使用非通风挤出工艺的两个生产批次，还对从当地两家零售商购买的碳粉盒进行了测试，这些碳粉盒代表三个不同的生产批次（生产历史未知）。结果表明，相对于制造商的碳粉，零售商的碳粉中某些主要化合物的排放量始终高出多达350%（以每克碳粉排放的化合物微克数表示），而其他一些化合物的排放量则低多达100%（p≤0.01）。来自一个生产批次的制造商碳粉中某些化合物以及总VOCs的排放量比另一个批次略高（13 - 18%）（p≤0.01）。零售商和制造商碳粉之间的排放差异可能是由于生产这些不同来源碳粉所使用的制造工艺和/或原料不同所致。
