Friedrich Mariola, Podlaszewska Grażyna, Pokorska-Niewiada Kamila
Department of Human Nutrition Physiology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland.
Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment. 2015 Apr-Jun;14(2):165-174. doi: 10.17306/J.AFS.2015.2.18.
n. The study was aimed at determining, on an animal model, effects of supplementing a diet, modified by substituting whole wheat and corn grains with white flour and sucrose, with calcium, magnesium, zinc, and chromium on metabolism of the minerals and their distribution in the body.
The study involved 4 groups of Wistar rat females (n = 11) fed: a standard feed (group I) containing, i.a., whole wheat and corn grains; modified feed (84% and 50% of whole wheat and corn grains, respectively, in the standard feed substituted with Type 500 wheat flour and sucrose, respectively) (group II); modified feed with complementary supplementation (elimination of Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cr deficiencies resulting from diet modification) (group III); and modified feed with excess supplementation (the same minerals applied in excess, i.e., amounts from 0.5 to 3 times higher than the deficiencies produced by diet modification) (group IV). The replacement of whole grains with white flour and sucrose, as well as the mineral supplementation could, to some extent, imitate the contemporary eating habits and supplementation applied in food technology. The excess supplementation is, on the other hand, typical of current behaviours of various social groups.
Both types of supplementation resulted in a significant increase in the perivisceral adipose tissue content, but did not affect the fat tissue content in muscles. The supplementation applied did not change the content of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in muscles, nor did it significantly change calcium and magnesium excretion with urine. However, changes in the ALP activity and calcitonin concentration did not suggest the deposition of the minerals in bones.
Analysis of the results allowed to conclude that: 1) except for chromium, contents of the selected minerals in the tissues examined and urea, as well as concentrations of calcitonin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities did not point to any significant effect of the supplementation applied on the body contents of those minerals; 2) effects observed as the accumulation of perivisceral, epicardial and intramuscular adipose tissue, as well as increased body weight increments could have been related to disturbed proportions of the minerals supplemented, their synergy and antagonism and, consequently, a potential generation of secondary deficiencies and excesses which could significantly affect individual metabolic pathways; 3) the intensity of changes observed was generally higher in the females receiving complementary supplementation, although their uptake of minerals studied was similar to that shown by the females kept on the standard diet.
本研究旨在通过动物模型确定，用白面粉和蔗糖替代全麦和玉米谷物来改良饮食，并补充钙、镁、锌和铬，对这些矿物质代谢及其在体内分布的影响。
本研究涉及4组Wistar雌性大鼠（n = 11），分别喂食：标准饲料（I组），其中包含全麦和玉米谷物等；改良饲料（分别用500型小麦粉和蔗糖替代标准饲料中84%和50%的全麦和玉米谷物）（II组）；补充了相应矿物质的改良饲料（消除因饮食改良导致的钙、镁、锌和铬缺乏）（III组）；以及过量补充矿物质的改良饲料（应用的相同矿物质过量，即比饮食改良产生的缺乏量高0.5至3倍）（IV组）。用白面粉和蔗糖替代全谷物以及补充矿物质，在一定程度上可以模拟当代饮食习惯和食品技术中应用的补充方式。另一方面，过量补充是当前不同社会群体行为的典型特征。
两种补充方式均导致内脏周围脂肪组织含量显著增加，但对肌肉中的脂肪组织含量没有影响。所应用的补充方式没有改变肌肉中钙、镁和锌的含量，也没有显著改变尿中钙和镁的排泄量。然而，碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性和降钙素浓度的变化并不表明矿物质在骨骼中的沉积。
对结果的分析得出以下结论：1）除铬外，所检测组织中选定矿物质的含量、尿素含量以及降钙素浓度和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性，均未表明所应用的补充方式对这些矿物质在体内的含量有任何显著影响；2）观察到的内脏周围、心外膜和肌肉内脂肪组织积累以及体重增加幅度加大的影响，可能与补充的矿物质比例失调、它们的协同作用和拮抗作用有关，因此可能产生潜在的继发性缺乏和过量，这可能会显著影响个体代谢途径；3）接受补充矿物质的雌性大鼠观察到的变化强度总体上更高，尽管它们对所研究矿物质的摄入量与食用标准饮食的雌性大鼠相似。
