Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.
TRM Ltd., York, UK.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2017 Apr;44:115-123. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.12.002. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
Biofortification is an effective and economical method to improve the micronutrient content of crops, particularly staples that sustain human populations in developing countries. Whereas conventional fortification requires artificial additives, biofortification involves the synthesis or accumulation of nutrients by plants at source. Little is known about the relative merits of biofortification and artificial fortification in terms of nutrient bioaccessibility and bioavailability, and much depends on the biochemical nature of the nutrient, which can promote or delay uptake, and determine how efficiently different nutrients are transported through the blood, stored, and utilized. Data from the first plants biofortified with minerals and vitamins provide evidence that the way in which nutrients are presented can affect how they are processed and utilized in the human body. The latest studies on the effects of the food matrix, processing and storage on nutrient transfer from biofortified crops are reviewed, as well as current knowledge about nutrient absorption and utilization.
生物强化是一种有效且经济的方法，可以提高作物的微量营养素含量，特别是发展中国家维持人口的主食。虽然传统的强化需要人工添加剂，但生物强化涉及植物在源头合成或积累营养素。对于生物强化和人工强化在营养生物利用度和生物可利用度方面的相对优点，人们知之甚少，这在很大程度上取决于营养素的生化性质，营养素的生化性质可以促进或延迟吸收，并决定不同营养素通过血液的运输、储存和利用的效率。第一批用矿物质和维生素进行生物强化的植物的数据提供了证据，表明营养素的呈现方式会影响它们在人体中的处理和利用方式。本文综述了生物强化作物中营养素转移的食品基质、加工和储存的最新影响研究，以及目前关于营养素吸收和利用的知识。
