Saltzman Amy, Birol Ekin, Oparinde Adewale, Andersson Meike S, Asare-Marfo Dorene, Diressie Michael T, Gonzalez Carolina, Lividini Keith, Moursi Mourad, Zeller Manfred
HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC.
HarvestPlus, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2017 Feb;1390(1):104-114. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13314.
Biofortification is the process of increasing the density of vitamins and minerals in a crop through plant breeding-using either conventional methods or genetic engineering-or through agronomic practices. Over the past 15 years, conventional breeding efforts have resulted in the development of varieties of several staple food crops with significant levels of the three micronutrients most limiting in diets: zinc, iron, and vitamin A. More than 15 million people in developing countries now grow and consume biofortified crops. Evidence from nutrition research shows that biofortified varieties provide considerable amounts of bioavailable micronutrients, and consumption of these varieties can improve micronutrient deficiency status among target populations. Farmer adoption and consumer acceptance research shows that farmers and consumers like the various production and consumption characteristics of biofortified varieties, as much as (if not more than) popular conventional varieties, even in the absence of nutritional information. Further development and delivery of these micronutrient-rich varieties can potentially reduce hidden hunger, especially in rural populations whose diets rely on staple food crops. Future work includes strengthening the supply of and the demand for biofortified staple food crops and facilitating targeted investment to those crop-country combinations that have the highest potential nutritional impact.
生物强化是指通过植物育种（利用传统方法或基因工程）或农艺措施提高作物中维生素和矿物质含量的过程。在过去15年里，传统育种工作已培育出多种主要粮食作物品种，这些品种含有饮食中最缺乏的三种微量营养素，即锌、铁和维生素A，且含量较高。目前，发展中国家有超过1500万人种植并食用生物强化作物。营养研究证据表明，生物强化品种能提供大量可生物利用的微量营养素，食用这些品种可改善目标人群的微量营养素缺乏状况。对农民采用情况和消费者接受度的研究表明，即使在没有营养信息的情况下，农民和消费者对生物强化品种的各种生产和消费特性的喜爱程度，与（甚至不低于）受欢迎的传统品种相当。进一步开发和推广这些富含微量营养素的品种，有可能减少隐性饥饿，尤其是在那些饮食依赖主要粮食作物的农村人口中。未来的工作包括加强生物强化主食作物的供应和需求，并促进对那些营养影响潜力最大的作物-国家组合进行有针对性的投资。
