Suzuki Joji, El-Haddad Saria
Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Rd., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital, 1153 Centre St., Boston, MA 02130, United States; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Rd., Boston, MA 02115, United States; Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital, 1153 Centre St., Boston, MA 02130, United States; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 Feb 1;171:107-116. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.033. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
Fentanyl and non-pharmaceutical fentanyls (NPFs) have been responsible for numerous outbreaks of overdoses all over the United States since the 1970s. However, there has been a growing concern in recent years that NPFs are contributing to an alarming rise in the number of opioid-related overdoses.
The authors conducted a narrative review of the published and grey literature on fentanyl and NPFs in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google using the following search terms: "fentanyl", "non-pharmaceutical fentanyl", "fentanyl analogs", "fentanyl laced heroin" and "fentanyl overdose". References from relevant publications and grey literature were also reviewed to identify additional citations for inclusion.
The article reviews the emergence and misuse of fentanyl and NPFs, their clinical pharmacology, and the clinical management and prevention of fentanyl-related overdoses.
Fentanyl and NPFs may be contributing to the recent rise in overdose deaths in the United States. There is an urgent need to educate clinicians, researchers, and patients about this public health threat.
自20世纪70年代以来，芬太尼和非药用芬太尼（NPFs）在美国各地引发了众多过量用药事件。然而，近年来人们越来越担心NPFs导致与阿片类药物相关的过量用药数量惊人地上升。
作者在PubMed、谷歌学术和谷歌上使用以下搜索词对已发表和灰色文献中关于芬太尼和NPFs的内容进行了叙述性综述：“芬太尼”、“非药用芬太尼”、“芬太尼类似物”、“掺有芬太尼的海洛因”和“芬太尼过量用药”。还对相关出版物和灰色文献的参考文献进行了审查，以确定更多纳入的引用文献。
本文回顾了芬太尼和NPFs的出现及滥用情况、它们的临床药理学以及芬太尼相关过量用药的临床管理和预防。
芬太尼和NPFs可能是近期美国过量用药死亡人数上升的原因。迫切需要对临床医生、研究人员和患者进行关于这种公共卫生威胁的教育。
