Sanou Sobze Martin, Kien-Atsu Tsi, Djeunang Dongho Bruna, Fotso Jimmy Roger, TiotsiaTsapi Armand, Azeufack Ngueko Yannick, Ben Bechir Sali, Pana Augusto, Ercoli Lucia, Colizzi Vittorio, Russo Gianluca
University of Dschang, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dschang, Cameroon.
University of Rome "La SAPIENZA", Rome, Italy.
Ig Sanita Pubbl. 2016 Sep-Oct;72(5):417-427.
Amongst the different at-risk periods for mother-to-child HIV transmission that is, during pregnancy, labor and delivery and breastfeeding, much care and attention needs to be given, not only to the child as concerns its feeding options, but also to the mother. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional habits and health outcomes of HIV-positive breastfeeding mothers in the Dschang Health District, in the context of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) activities.
A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2014 to February 2015, at the Dschang District Day Care Hospital. A standard questionnaire was administered by face-to-face interview to 56 breastfeeding HIV-positive mothers. Anthropometric parameters of the mothers were measured (weight and height), and a physical check-up performed, with examination of the mothers' conjunctiva and palms. Clinical status was determined by anemia test using the Tallquist hemoglobin test. Data collected were analyzed using Epi Info version 7.1.3.3 and Excel 2013.
The mean age of participants was 33 years. Most women ate three meals per day (53.6%, n=30/56), while 26,8% (15/56) ate two. Staples (27.27%) and fruits (33.68%) were found to be the most consumed foods per week and green leafy and yellow vegetables the least consumed (13.74%). Body mass index was used to evaluate the nutritional status of participating women: 26.9% (n=14/52) were in the normal range of weight, slightly more than half were overweight (51.9%, n=27/52) and 21.2% (n=11/52) were obese. All mothers were on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Recent CD4 count results were available for about half of the women and the mean was 293 cells/mmc (range 97-798). Physical checkup showed that 64.3% (n=36/56) and 67.9% (n=38/56) of women respectively had moderately colored conjunctiva and palms, while 10.7% (n=6/56) and 12.5% (n=7/56) respectively had pale conjunctiva and palms, considered to be clinical signs of anemia. About 74.1% (n=40/54) of the women were borderline anemic, 24.1% (n=13/54) had frank anemia and only 1.9% (n=1/54) had normal blood counts.
Nutrition habits amongst HIV-positive breastfeeding women of the Dschang Health District were not optimal and contributed a great deal to the poor health outcomes observed in the PMTCT study. Nutritional education should be offered in addition to ART, to help women make better nutrition choices to meet body needs and improve health.
在母婴传播艾滋病毒的不同风险期，即孕期、分娩期和哺乳期，不仅要高度关注婴儿的喂养方式，还要关注母亲。本研究的目的是在预防母婴传播（PMTCT）活动的背景下，确定雅温得卫生区艾滋病毒阳性哺乳期母亲的营养习惯和健康状况。
2014年9月至2015年2月，在雅温得区日托医院进行了一项横断面研究。通过面对面访谈，对56名艾滋病毒阳性哺乳期母亲进行了标准问卷调查。测量了母亲的人体测量参数（体重和身高），并进行了身体检查，包括检查母亲的结膜和手掌。使用塔尔奎斯特血红蛋白试验进行贫血检测以确定临床状况。收集的数据使用Epi Info 7.1.3.3版和Excel 2013进行分析。
参与者的平均年龄为33岁。大多数女性每天吃三餐（53.6%，n = 30/56），而26.8%（15/56）的女性每天吃两餐。主食（27.27%）和水果（33.68%）被发现是每周食用最多的食物，而绿叶蔬菜和黄色蔬菜食用最少（13.74%）。使用体重指数评估参与女性的营养状况：26.9%（n = 14/52）体重在正常范围内，略多于一半的女性超重（51.9%，n = 27/世界卫生组织），21.2%（n = 11/52）肥胖。所有母亲都在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）。约一半女性有最近的CD4细胞计数结果，平均值为293个细胞/mmc（范围97 - 798）。身体检查显示，分别有64.3%（n = 36/56）和67.9%（n = 38/56）的女性结膜和手掌颜色适中，而分别有10.7%（n = 6/56）和12.5%（n = 7/56）的女性结膜和手掌苍白，被认为是贫血的临床体征。约74.1%（n = 40/54）的女性处于边缘性贫血，24.1%（n = 13/54）患有明显贫血，只有1.9%（n = 1/54）血常规正常。
雅温得卫生区艾滋病毒阳性哺乳期妇女的营养习惯不理想，在预防母婴传播研究中观察到的健康状况不佳方面起了很大作用。除了抗逆转录病毒治疗外，还应提供营养教育，以帮助女性做出更好的营养选择，满足身体需求并改善健康。
