Kosior Grzegorz, Steinnes Eiliv, Samecka-Cymerman Aleksandra, Lierhagen Syverin, Kolon Krzysztof, Dołhańczuk-Śródka Agnieszka, Ziembik Zbigniew
Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry, and Environmental Protection, University of Wrocław, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
Chemosphere. 2017 Mar;171:735-740. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.131. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
The past uranium/polymetallic mining activities in the Sudety (SW Poland) left abandoned mines, pits, and dumps of waste rocks with trace elements and radionuclides which may erode or leach out and create a potential risk for the aquatic ecosystem, among others. In the present work four rivers affected by effluents from such mines were selected to evaluate the application of aquatic mosses for the bioindication of 56 elements. Naturally growing F. antipyretica and P. riparioides were compared with transplanted samples of the same species. The results demonstrate serious pollution of the examined rivers, especially with As, Ba, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ti, U and Zn, reaching extremely high concentrations in native moss samples. In the most polluted rivers native F. antipyretica and P. riparioides samples showed significantly higher concentrations of As, Ba, Cu, Fe, La, Nd, Ni, Pb, U and Zn than corresponding transplanted samples, whereas at less polluted sites a reverse situation was sometimes observed. Transplanted moss moved from clean to extremely polluted rivers probably protects itself against the accumulation of toxic elements by reducing their uptake. Selection of native or transplanted F. antipyretica and P. riparioides depended on the pollution load.
过去在苏台德地区（波兰西南部）的铀/多金属采矿活动留下了废弃的矿井、矿坑和废石堆，其中含有微量元素和放射性核素，这些物质可能会侵蚀或沥出，对水生生态系统等构成潜在风险。在本研究中，选取了四条受此类矿井废水影响的河流，以评估水生苔藓对56种元素的生物指示作用。将自然生长的解热镰刀藓和河岸立碗藓与相同物种的移植样本进行了比较。结果表明，所检测的河流受到了严重污染，尤其是砷、钡、铁、锰、铅、钛、铀和锌，在本地苔藓样本中达到了极高的浓度。在污染最严重的河流中，本地的解热镰刀藓和河岸立碗藓样本中砷、钡、铜、铁、镧、钕、镍、铅、铀和锌的浓度明显高于相应的移植样本，而在污染较轻的地点，有时会观察到相反的情况。从清洁河流移植到污染极其严重河流的苔藓可能通过减少对有毒元素的吸收来保护自身免受其积累的影响。选择本地或移植的解热镰刀藓和河岸立碗藓取决于污染负荷。
