Cesa Mattia, Bertossi Alberto, Cherubini Giovanni, Gava Emanuele, Mazzilis Denis, Piccoli Elisa, Verardo Pierluigi, Nimis Pier Luigi
Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 10-34127, Trieste, Italy,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Apr;22(7):5030-40. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4129-z. Epub 2015 Feb 4.
This paper is a contribution for validating a standard method for trace element monitoring based on transplants and analysis of aquatic bryophytes, in the framework of the EC Directive 2000/60. It presents the results of an experiment carried out to assess significant differences in the amount and variability of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in three moss species (Cinclidotus aquaticus, Fontinalis antipyretica, Platyhypnidium riparioides) and two different parts of the moss (whole plant vs apical tips). Mosses were caged in bags made of a plastic net and transplanted for 2 weeks to an irrigation canal impacted by a waste water treatment plant. Trace element concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) before and after exposure to the experimental and control sites in five samples. Enrichment factors >>2 were found for Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn in all moss species, lower in C. aquaticus, intermediate in F. antipyretica and higher in P. riparioides (the species we recommend to use). The analysis of apical tips after exposure instead of the whole plant led to (I) lower concentrations of As, Co, Cr, Fe and Zn in C. aquaticus (-7 to -30%) and of Fe and Pb (-13, -18%) in P. riparioides, (II) higher concentrations of Cu, Ni and Zn (+14 to +18%) in P. riparioides, while (III) no significant difference (p > 0.05) in F. antipyretica. Data variability after exposure was generally lower in apical tips, especially in C. aquaticus and in F. antipyretica, less in P. riparioides. In the aim of standardizing the moss-bag technique, the analysis of apical tips is recommended.
本文是在欧盟指令2000/60框架下，为验证基于水生苔藓移植和分析的微量元素监测标准方法所做的一份贡献。它展示了一项实验的结果，该实验旨在评估三种苔藓物种（水生溪苔、退热真藓、溪边扁枝藓）以及苔藓的两个不同部位（整株植物与顶端）中砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、锰、镍、铅和锌的含量及变异性的显著差异。苔藓被装在用塑料网制成的袋子中，并移植到受污水处理厂影响的灌溉渠道中两周。在五个样本暴露于实验和对照地点前后，通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP - OES）和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP - MS）测量微量元素浓度。在所有苔藓物种中，铜、镍、锰、铅和锌的富集因子>>2，在水生溪苔中较低，在退热真藓中居中，在溪边扁枝藓中较高（我们推荐使用的物种）。暴露后对顶端而非整株植物进行分析导致：（I）水生溪苔中砷、钴、铬、铁和锌的浓度降低（-7%至-30%），溪边扁枝藓中铁和铅的浓度降低（-13%，-18%）；（II）溪边扁枝藓中铜、镍和锌的浓度升高（+14%至+18%）；而（III）退热真藓中无显著差异（p>0.05）。暴露后的数据变异性在顶端通常较低，尤其是在水生溪苔和退热真藓中，在溪边扁枝藓中较小。为了使苔藓袋技术标准化，建议对顶端进行分析。
