Pernambuco Leandro, Espelt Albert, Góis Amanda C B, de Lima Kenio Costa
Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, Brazil.
Customer Service and Drug Addiction Prevention, Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain; School of Psychology, Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain; Carlos III Health Institute, CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
J Voice. 2017 Jul;31(4):510.e15-510.e21. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.11.015. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
To estimate the prevalence and the associated factors with voice disorders (VDs) in older adults living in nursing homes.
Cross-sectional.
A sample of 117 Brazilian individuals of both sexes and preserved cognitive function, aged >59 years, living in 10 nursing homes, was studied. VDs were screened using the validated tool "Rastreamento de Alterações Vocais em Idosos" (RAVI-Screening for Voice Disorders in Older Adults). Associated factors included variables related to socioeconomic and demographic profile; nursing home; general health; ear, nose, and throat conditions; lifestyle; functionality; and psychosocial status. Bivariate analysis was performed by Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate analysis was performed by multiple binomial regression. The significance level was 5%.
The prevalence of VDs was 39.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 30.4-48.1). There was no significant difference in prevalence according to age and sex. Multivariate analysis revealed that the prevalence of VDs were independently associated with anxiety symptoms (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.17-3.29), smoking (PR = 1.56, CI = 1.02-2.38), general daily inactivity (PR = 1.62, CI = 1.10-2.38), temporomandibular disorder (PR = 1.68, CI = 1.11-2.54), choking (PR = 1.53, CI = 1.06-2.20), and self-reported hearing loss (PR = 1.52, CI = 1.04-2.21).
VDs are common among older adults with preserved cognitive function living in nursing homes. The associated factors with VDs in this population can be prevented, diagnosed, controlled, or treated. Screening procedures and early intervention should be considered.
评估养老院中老年人嗓音障碍（VDs）的患病率及其相关因素。
横断面研究。
对居住在10所养老院、年龄大于59岁、认知功能正常的117名巴西男女个体进行了研究。使用经过验证的工具“老年嗓音变化追踪”（RAVI-老年人嗓音障碍筛查）对VDs进行筛查。相关因素包括与社会经济和人口统计学特征、养老院、总体健康状况、耳鼻喉疾病、生活方式、功能状态和心理社会状况相关的变量。采用Pearson卡方检验或Fisher精确检验进行双变量分析。采用多项二项回归进行多变量分析。显著性水平为5%。
VDs的患病率为39.3%（95%置信区间[CI]=30.4-48.1）。按年龄和性别划分，患病率无显著差异。多变量分析显示，VDs的患病率与焦虑症状（患病率比[PR]=1.97，95%CI=1.17-3.29）、吸烟（PR=1.56，CI=1.02-2.38）、日常总体活动不足（PR=1.62，CI=1.10-2.38）、颞下颌关节紊乱（PR=1.68，CI=1.11-2.54）、呛噎（PR=1.53，CI=1.06-2.20）以及自我报告的听力损失（PR=1.52，CI=1.04-2.21）独立相关。
VDs在居住在养老院且认知功能正常的老年人中很常见。该人群中与VDs相关的因素可以预防、诊断、控制或治疗。应考虑筛查程序和早期干预。
