Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Program, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
Public Health Program, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Jul;279(7):3733-3740. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07355-1. Epub 2022 Mar 31.
The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of swallowing disorders and the associated factors in older adults living in nursing homes.
This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 73 older adults (≥ 60 years; mean age = 80 ± 7.49 years; female = 82.2%) living in five non-profit Brazilian nursing homes. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The frequency of swallowing disorders was determined by the Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test (VVS-T). Covariables with a p-value less than 0.20 according to Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were included in the multiple logistic regression analysis model. The level of significance was 5%.
The frequency of swallowing disorders was 63%. The multiple logistic regression model revealed that the chance of an older adult living in a nursing home presenting with swallowing disorders increased by 8% with each 1-year increase in age. Decreases in oral intake level improved the chance of a negative result in the VVS-T by approximately four times, and an individual with a FOIS level below seven was almost 11 times more likely to have a swallowing disorder.
The frequency of swallowing disorders in older adults living in nursing homes is high and is associated with age and oral intake. The management care team should be aware of the early detection of these conditions to prevent complications of oropharyngeal dysphagia.
本研究旨在确定居住在养老院中的老年人吞咽障碍的发生频率及其相关因素。
这是一项横断面研究，样本为 73 名（≥60 岁；平均年龄 80 ± 7.49 岁；女性 82.2%）居住在 5 家非营利性巴西养老院的老年人。收集了人口统计学和临床数据。通过容量-粘度吞咽测试（VVS-T）确定吞咽障碍的频率。根据 Pearson 卡方检验或 Fisher 确切检验，p 值小于 0.20 的协变量被纳入多逻辑回归分析模型。显著性水平为 5%。
吞咽障碍的频率为 63%。多逻辑回归模型显示，居住在养老院的老年人每增加 1 岁，出现吞咽障碍的几率增加 8%。口腔摄入水平的降低使 VVS-T 出现阴性结果的几率增加了近 4 倍，FOIS 水平低于 7 的个体出现吞咽障碍的几率几乎增加了 11 倍。
居住在养老院中的老年人吞咽障碍的发生率较高，与年龄和口腔摄入有关。管理护理团队应意识到早期发现这些情况，以预防口咽吞咽困难的并发症。
