Richards Caroline, Davies Louise, Oliver Chris
Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
Forward Thinking Birmingham Learning Disability Team, Oaklands Centre, Raddlebarn Road, Selly Oak, B29 6JB, UK.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2017 Mar;47(3):701-713. doi: 10.1007/s10803-016-3000-5.
Self-injury is common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however few studies have investigated correlates of self-injury or the putative associations with self-restraint. Questionnaire data on self-injury, self-restraint, health conditions, overactivity/impulsivity and repetitive/restricted behavior were collected on 208 children and 216 adults with ASD (mean age = 24.10, range 6-61). Self-injury and self-restraint were frequent and significantly associated in both children (45.7% and 40.9%, p < 0.001) and adults (49.1, and 42.6%, p < 0.001). Severe self-injury was predicted by lower ability, health conditions and overactivity/impulsivity in children (p < 0.001) and repetitive/restricted behavior and overactivity/impulsivity in adults (p < 0.001). These data provide preliminary support for a developmental model of self-injury and self-restraint in which painful health conditions and compromised behavioral control influence the presence and trajectory of self-injury in ASD.
自伤行为在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）中很常见；然而，很少有研究调查自伤行为的相关因素或其与自我约束的假定关联。我们收集了208名儿童和216名成人ASD患者（平均年龄 = 24.10岁，范围6 - 61岁）关于自伤行为、自我约束、健康状况、多动/冲动以及重复/受限行为的问卷数据。自伤行为和自我约束行为在儿童（分别为45.7%和40.9%，p < 0.001）和成人（分别为49.1%和42.6%，p < 0.001）中都很常见且显著相关。在儿童中，较低的能力、健康状况以及多动/冲动行为可预测严重自伤行为（p < 0.001）；在成人中，重复/受限行为以及多动/冲动行为可预测严重自伤行为（p < 0.001）。这些数据为自伤行为和自我约束的发展模型提供了初步支持，在该模型中，痛苦的健康状况和行为控制受损会影响ASD患者自伤行为的出现和发展轨迹。
