Redelmeier Donald A, Raza Sheharyar
Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jan;96(1):e5710. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005710.
Bright sunlight may create visual illusions that lead to driver error, including fallible distance judgment from aerial perspective. We tested whether the risk of a life-threatening motor vehicle crash was increased when driving in bright sunlight.This longitudinal, case-only, paired-comparison analysis evaluated patients hospitalized because of a motor vehicle crash between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2014. The relative risk of a crash associated with bright sunlight was estimated by evaluating the prevailing weather at the time and place of the crash compared with the weather at the same hour and location on control days a week earlier and a week later.The majority of patients (n = 6962) were injured during daylight hours and bright sunlight was the most common weather condition at the time and place of the crash. The risk of a life-threatening crash was 16% higher during bright sunlight than normal weather (95% confidence interval: 9-24, P < 0.001). The increased risk was accentuated in the early afternoon, disappeared at night, extended to patients with different characteristics, involved crashes with diverse features, not apparent with cloudy weather, and contributed to about 5000 additional patient-days in hospital. The increased risk extended to patients with high crash severity as indicated by ambulance involvement, surgical procedures, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit admission, and patient mortality. The increased risk was not easily attributed to differences in alcohol consumption, driving distances, or anomalies of adverse weather.Bright sunlight is associated with an increased risk of a life-threatening motor vehicle crash. An awareness of this risk might inform driver education, trauma staffing, and safety warnings to prevent a life-threatening motor vehicle crash.
Epidemiologic Study, level III.
强烈阳光可能会产生视觉错觉，导致驾驶员失误，包括从空中视角进行不可靠的距离判断。我们测试了在强烈阳光下驾驶时危及生命的机动车碰撞风险是否会增加。
这项纵向、仅病例、配对比较分析评估了1995年1月1日至2014年12月31日期间因机动车碰撞而住院的患者。通过比较碰撞发生时和地点的当时天气与一周前和一周后同一时间和地点的对照日天气，估计了与强烈阳光相关的碰撞相对风险。
大多数患者（n = 6962）在白天受伤，强烈阳光是碰撞发生时和地点最常见的天气状况。在强烈阳光下，危及生命的碰撞风险比正常天气高16%（95%置信区间：9 - 24，P < 0.001）。这种增加的风险在午后早些时候更为突出，夜间消失，扩展到具有不同特征的患者，涉及各种特征的碰撞，在多云天气下不明显，并导致约5000个额外的住院患者日。增加的风险扩展到因救护车参与、手术程序、住院时间、重症监护病房入院和患者死亡率所表明的高碰撞严重程度的患者。增加的风险不容易归因于酒精消费、驾驶距离或不利天气异常的差异。
强烈阳光与危及生命的机动车碰撞风险增加有关。意识到这种风险可能会为驾驶员教育、创伤人员配备和安全警告提供信息，以防止危及生命的机动车碰撞。
流行病学研究，III级。
