University of Oregon, Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, PO Box 5389, Charleston, OR 97420, USA.
Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, 2099 Westside Dr., Bodega Bay, CA 94923-0247, USA.
Harmful Algae. 2016 May;55:172-178. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.03.004. Epub 2016 Mar 25.
Most harmful algal blooms (HAB) originate away from the shore and, for them to endanger human health, they must be first transported to shore after which they must enter the surf zone where they can be feed upon by filter feeders. The last step in this sequence, entrance into the surf zone, depends on surf zone hydrodynamics. During two 30-day periods, we sampled Pseudo-nitzschia and particulate domoic acid (pDA) in and offshore of a more dissipative surf zone at Sand City, California (2010) and sampled Pseudo-nitzschia in and out of reflective surf zones at a beach and rocky shores at Carmel River State Beach, California (2011). At Sand City, we measured domoic acid in sand crabs, Emerita analoga. In the more dissipative surf zone, concentrations of Pseudo-nitzschia and pDA were an order of magnitude higher in samples from a rip current than in samples collected just seaward of the surf zone and were 1000 times more abundant than in samples from the shoals separating rip currents. Domoic acid was present in all the Emerita samples and varied directly with the concentration of pDA and Pseudo-nitzschia in the rip current. In the more reflective surf zones, Pseudo-nitzschia concentrations were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than in samples from 125 and 20m from shore. Surf zone hydrodynamics affects the ingress of Pseudo-nitzschia into surf zones and the exposure of intertidal organisms to HABs on the inner shelf.
大多数有害藻华（HAB）起源于远离海岸的地方，并且为了对人类健康造成危害，它们必须首先被运到海岸，然后进入冲浪区，在那里它们可以被滤食性动物捕食。在这个序列的最后一步，即进入冲浪区，取决于冲浪区水动力。在加利福尼亚州桑德市（2010 年）的一个更耗散的冲浪区内外以及加利福尼亚州卡梅尔河州立海滩的海滩和岩石海岸内外，我们在两个 30 天的时间里采集了拟菱形藻和颗粒状软骨藻酸（pDA）。在桑德市，我们测量了沙蟹（Emerita analoga）中的软骨藻酸。在更耗散的冲浪区，从裂流采集的样品中拟菱形藻和 pDA 的浓度比从冲浪区向海采集的样品高一个数量级，比从分离裂流的浅滩采集的样品高 1000 倍。软骨藻酸存在于所有 Emerita 样品中，并且与裂流中 pDA 和拟菱形藻的浓度直接相关。在更具反射性的冲浪区，拟菱形藻的浓度比从离海岸 125 米和 20 米的样品低 1-2 个数量级。冲浪区水动力影响拟菱形藻进入冲浪区以及潮间带生物暴露于内架 HAB 的情况。
