High-efficiency perovskite solar cells prepared by using a sandwich structure MAI-PbI-MAI precursor film.

Two-step deposition has been widely used in the perovskite layer preparation for perovskite solar cells due to its attractive morphology controllability. However, the limited diffusivity of CHNHI (MAI) might cause some PbI to remain in the perovskite film. The residual PbI in the perovskite film would lead to inferior performance of devices, such as, low power conversion efficiency (PCE), poor reproducibility and weak air stability. In this work, we developed a sandwich structure MAI-PbI-MAI precursor film to prepare a PbI-free CHNHPbI perovskite film. In comparison to the two-step approach, the MAI-PbI-MAI precursor film with a typical sandwich structure formed a uniform and pinhole-free perovskite film without any PbI residue, which could significantly improve the performance of the devices. Moreover, the bottom MAI layer of the MAI-PbI-MAI precursor film could improve the interfacial contact of the porous TiO layer, leading to the promotion of the charge transfer and reduction of the recombination rate. Therefore, the devices fabricated from the sandwich structure MAI-PbI-MAI precursor films showed dramatic improvements of open-circuit voltage (V), short-circuit current density (J), fill factor (FF) and PCE. As a result, a promising PCE of 17.8% with good long-term air stability was achieved for the MAI-PbI-MAI precursor film based PSC, which is better than that prepared by a two-step approach.