Fält Elisabet, Sarkadi Anna, Fabian Helena
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2017 Jan 11;12(1):e0168388. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168388. eCollection 2017.
Evidence-based methods to identify behavioural problems among children are not regularly used within the Swedish Child healthcare. A new procedure was therefore introduced to assess children through parent- and preschool teacher reports using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). This study aims to explore nurses', preschool teachers' and parents' perspectives of this new information sharing model. Using the grounded theory methodology, semi-structured interviews with nurses (n = 10) at child health clinics, preschool teachers (n = 13) and parents (n = 11) of 3-, 4- and 5-year-old children were collected and analysed between March 2014 and June 2014. The analysis was conducted using constant comparative method. The participants were sampled purposively within a larger trial in Sweden. Results indicate that all stakeholders shared a desire to have a complete picture of the child's health. The perceptions that explain why the stakeholders were in favour of the new procedure-the 'causal conditions' in a grounded theory model-included: (1) Nurses thought that visits after 18-months were unsatisfactory, (2) Preschool teachers wanted to identify children with difficulties and (3) Parents viewed preschool teachers as being qualified to assess children. However, all stakeholders had doubts as to whether there was a reliable way to assess children's behaviour. Although nurses found the SDQ to be useful for their clinical evaluation, they noticed that not all parents chose to participate. Both teachers and parents acknowledged benefits of information sharing. However, the former had concerns about parental reactions to their assessments and the latter about how personal information was handled. The theoretical model developed describes that the causal conditions and current context of child healthcare in many respects endorse the introduction of information sharing. However, successful implementation requires considerable work to address barriers: the tension between normative thinking versus helping children with developmental problems for preschool teachers and dealing with privacy issues and inequity in participation for parents.
瑞典儿童保健领域并未定期采用基于证据的方法来识别儿童的行为问题。因此,引入了一种新程序,通过使用优势与困难问卷(SDQ),让家长和幼儿园教师填写报告来评估儿童。本研究旨在探讨护士、幼儿园教师和家长对这种新的信息共享模式的看法。采用扎根理论方法,于2014年3月至2014年6月收集并分析了对儿童健康诊所的护士(n = 10)、幼儿园教师(n = 13)以及3、4、5岁儿童的家长(n = 11)进行的半结构化访谈。分析采用持续比较法。参与者是在瑞典的一项更大规模试验中进行有目的抽样的。结果表明,所有利益相关者都希望全面了解儿童的健康状况。在扎根理论模型中,解释利益相关者为何支持新程序的“因果条件”包括:(1)护士认为18个月后的访视不尽人意;(2)幼儿园教师希望识别有困难的儿童;(3)家长认为幼儿园教师有资格评估儿童。然而,所有利益相关者都怀疑是否存在评估儿童行为的可靠方法。尽管护士发现SDQ对他们的临床评估有用,但他们注意到并非所有家长都选择参与。教师和家长都认可信息共享的好处。然而,前者担心家长对他们评估的反应,后者则担心个人信息的处理方式。所构建的理论模型表明,儿童保健的因果条件和当前背景在许多方面支持引入信息共享。然而,要成功实施,需要做大量工作来消除障碍:对于幼儿园教师而言,要解决规范思维与帮助有发育问题儿童之间的矛盾;对于家长而言,要处理隐私问题和参与不平等问题。