Irarrázabal Lisette P, Levy Judith A, Norr Kathleen F, Cianelli Rosina, Issel L Michele, Pérez Carlos M, Hotton Anna
School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2016 Nov;40(5):363-370.
This study identified the personal characteristics that affect Chilean health care providers' readiness to adopt HIV Oral Rapid Testing (ORT) in Chile as a new clinical evidence-based practice (EBP).
Using a cross-sectional research design, the study sampled 150 nurses, midwives, and physicians employed at four clinics within the Pontifícia Universidad Católica de Chile Health Network in Santiago. Participants completed a self-administered survey asking about their demographic background, EBP attitudes and experience, personal beliefs related to HIV, the importance of HIV testing, and perceived self-comfort in performing a rapid HIV test.
Of the participants, 90% believed that incorporating ORT would make a positive difference in their practice and said that they would be willing to adopt the technology for that reason. Nonetheless, the providers reported a mean "readiness to implement ORT" score of 15.1 out of a possible value of 20, suggesting only moderate self-perceived readiness to adopt the EBP. Education, beliefs about evidence-based practice, perceived comfort in performing ORT, and perceived importance of HIV testing explained 43.6% of the variance in readiness to adopt ORT.
The findings of this first ORT pre-implementation study in Chile can help guide policy makers and HIV stakeholders to prepare for and increase primary health care providers' readiness to successfully adopt this evidence-based technology. Successful adoption of ORT could increase Chile's capacity to reach HIV-vulnerable Chileans for testing and referral to care if infected, thus helping the country to reduce further transmission of the virus and its medical complications.
本研究确定了影响智利医疗服务提供者准备在智利采用艾滋病毒口腔快速检测（ORT）作为一种新的循证临床实践（EBP）的个人特征。
采用横断面研究设计，该研究对圣地亚哥智利天主教大学健康网络内四家诊所的150名护士、助产士和医生进行了抽样。参与者完成了一份自我管理的调查问卷，询问他们的人口统计学背景、循证实践态度和经验、与艾滋病毒相关的个人信念、艾滋病毒检测的重要性以及在进行快速艾滋病毒检测时的自我舒适感。
在参与者中，90%的人认为采用ORT会对他们的实践产生积极影响，并表示他们愿意因此采用该技术。尽管如此，这些医疗服务提供者报告的“准备实施ORT”平均得分为15.1分（满分20分），这表明他们自我感知的采用循证实践的准备程度仅为中等。教育程度、对循证实践的信念、进行ORT时的舒适感以及艾滋病毒检测的重要性解释了采用ORT准备程度差异的43.6%。
智利这项首次ORT实施前研究的结果可以帮助指导政策制定者和艾滋病毒相关利益者为初级医疗服务提供者成功采用这一循证技术做好准备并提高他们的准备程度。成功采用ORT可以提高智利接触易感染艾滋病毒的智利人进行检测并在感染时转介接受治疗的能力，从而帮助该国减少病毒的进一步传播及其医疗并发症。
