Department of Psychology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Letters, Japan.
Department of Psychology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Letters, Japan.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Nov;82:95-109. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 7.
Developmental psychologists are increasingly interested in young children's evaluations of individuals based on third-party interactions. Studies have shown that infants react negatively to agents who display harmful intentions toward others, and to those who behave unfairly. We describe experimental studies of capuchin monkeys' and pet dogs' differential reactions to people who are helpful or unhelpful in third-party contexts, and monkeys' responses to people who behave unfairly in exchanges of objects with a third party. We also present evidence that capuchin monkeys monitor the context of failures to help and violations of reciprocity, and that intentionality is one factor underlying their social evaluations of individuals whom they see interacting with others. We conclude by proposing some questions for studies of nonhuman species' third party-based social evaluations.
发展心理学家越来越关注幼儿基于第三方互动对个体的评价。研究表明，婴儿会对表现出对他人有害意图的代理人以及不公平行事的代理人产生负面反应。我们描述了关于卷尾猴和宠物狗在第三方情境下对有帮助或无帮助的人以及对与第三方进行物品交换时不公平行为的人的不同反应的实验研究。我们还提供了证据表明，卷尾猴会监控帮助失败和违反互惠的情况，并且意图是他们对与他人互动的个体进行社会评价的一个因素。最后，我们提出了一些关于非人类物种基于第三方的社会评价的研究问题。
