Yankaskas Kurt, Fischer Raymond, Spence Jesse, Komrower Jeffrey
ONR, United States.
Noise Control Engineering LLC, United States.
Hear Res. 2017 Jun;349:37-41. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.01.004. Epub 2017 Jan 7.
The US Navy, through an Office of Naval Research (ONR) lead effort on Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL), is investigating methods and techniques to mitigate hearing loss for the crews and warfighters. Hearing protection is a viable and increasingly popular method of reducing hearing exposure for many ship crew members; however, it has limitations on comfort and low frequency effectiveness. Furthermore, Personal Hearing Protection (PHP) is often used improperly. Proper vessel planning, programmatic changes and advances in noise control engineering can also have significant impacts by inherently reducing noise exposure through ship design and use of noise control treatments. These impacts go beyond hearing loss mitigation since they can improve quality of life onboard vessels and provide enhanced warfighter performance. Such approaches also can be made to work in the lower frequency range where hearing protection is not as effective. This paper describes non-hearing protection methods being implemented to mitigate and control noise within the US Navy and US Marine Corps. These approaches reflect the latest changes to Mil-Std 1474E, Appendix F.
美国海军通过海军研究办公室（ONR）牵头开展的一项关于噪声性听力损失（NIHL）的工作，正在研究减轻船员和作战人员听力损失的方法和技术。听力保护是一种可行且越来越受许多船员欢迎的减少听力暴露的方法；然而，它在舒适度和低频有效性方面存在局限性。此外，个人听力保护（PHP）常常使用不当。合理的舰艇规划、方案调整以及噪声控制工程的进展，通过船舶设计和使用噪声控制处理手段从本质上减少噪声暴露，也能产生重大影响。这些影响不仅限于减轻听力损失，因为它们可以改善舰艇上的生活质量，并提升作战人员的表现。此类方法在听力保护效果不佳的低频范围内也能发挥作用。本文介绍了美国海军和美国海军陆战队为减轻和控制噪声而实施的非听力保护方法。这些方法反映了《军事标准1474E》附录F的最新变化。
