Health Behaviors Research Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute/NIH/DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2017 Dec;4(6):1138-1146. doi: 10.1007/s40615-016-0319-8. Epub 2017 Jan 11.
This paper reports racial/ethnic differences in mean dietary and alcohol intake, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) among cancer survivors and examines adherence to the American Cancer Society and the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Data are from the cross-sectional 2005 and 2010 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). The total sample of cancer survivors (N = 3367) included non-Hispanic Whites (NHW; N = 2698), non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs; N = 379), and Hispanics (N = 290). We compared mean reported dietary intake, moderate/vigorous physical activity, and BMI among racial/ethnic groups. Predicted marginals and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to compare prevalence of non-adherence with recommendations among groups.
Among the three racial/ethnic groups, Hispanics had the highest mean intake of vegetables, fiber, and calcium (p = 0.0003; p < 0.0001; p = 0.001). In the logistic regression model adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, smoking and BMI, Hispanics had lower non-adherence to fiber guidelines (OR = 0.38; CI = 0.24-0.58) than NHWs. NHBs had significantly higher non-adherence to vegetable guidelines (OR = 1.63; CI = 1.07-2.47). NHBs and Hispanics had lower non-adherence with alcohol guidelines than NHWs (OR = 0.35 and 0.38; CI = 0.18-0.69 and 0.19-0.76, respectively). NHBs and Hispanics were more likely to be overweight/obese (OR = 1.66 and 1.57; CI = 1.24-2.23 and CI = 1.11-2.21, respectively).
There are racial/ethnic differences in certain health behaviors of cancer survivors. However, non-adherence to guidelines is high in all three racial/ethnic groups. Achieving the recommended guidelines for diet, physical activity, and a healthy BMI is a concern for all cancer survivors, indicating the need for intervention among this growing group of at-risk individuals.
本研究报告了癌症幸存者在饮食和酒精摄入、身体活动和体重指数（BMI）方面的种族/民族差异，并考察了他们对美国癌症协会和美国膳食指南的遵循情况。
数据来自 2005 年和 2010 年的全国健康访谈调查（NHIS）的横断面研究。癌症幸存者的总样本（N=3367）包括非西班牙裔白人（NHW；N=2698）、非西班牙裔黑人（NHB；N=379）和西班牙裔（N=290）。我们比较了不同种族/民族群体的报告饮食摄入量、中等/剧烈身体活动和 BMI 的平均值。使用预测边缘值和多变量逻辑回归分析比较了各组不符合建议的流行率。
在这三个种族/民族群体中，西班牙裔的蔬菜、纤维和钙摄入量最高（p=0.0003；p<0.0001；p=0.001）。在调整了社会人口学协变量、吸烟和 BMI 的逻辑回归模型中，与 NHW 相比，西班牙裔的纤维指南不达标率较低（OR=0.38；CI=0.24-0.58）。与 NHW 相比，NHB 的蔬菜指南不达标率显著更高（OR=1.63；CI=1.07-2.47）。与 NHW 相比，NHB 和西班牙裔的酒精指南不达标率较低（OR=0.35 和 0.38；CI=0.18-0.69 和 0.19-0.76）。与 NHW 相比，NHB 和西班牙裔更有可能超重/肥胖（OR=1.66 和 1.57；CI=1.24-2.23 和 CI=1.11-2.21）。
癌症幸存者的某些健康行为存在种族/民族差异。然而，所有三个种族/民族群体都不符合指南。对于所有癌症幸存者来说，达到饮食、身体活动和健康 BMI 的推荐指南是一个关注的问题，这表明需要对这一不断增长的高危人群进行干预。
