Hancock David J, Coutinho Patrícia, Côté Jean, Mesquita Isabel
a Division of Allied Health Sciences , Indiana University Kokomo , Kokomo , IN , USA.
b Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.
J Sports Sci. 2018 Jan;36(1):33-38. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1276614. Epub 2017 Jan 12.
Contextual influences on talent development (e.g., birthplace effects) have become a topic of interest for sport scientists. Birthplace effects occur when being born in a certain city size leads to participation or performance advantages, typically for those born in smaller or mid-sized cities. The purpose of this study was to investigate birthplace effects in Portuguese volleyball players by analysing city size, as well as population density - an important but infrequently used variable. Participants included 4062 volleyball players (M = 33), 53.2% of whom were men. Using Portuguese national census data from 1981, we compared participants (within each sex) across five population categories. In addition, we used ANOVAs to study expertise and population density. Results indicated that men and women athletes born in districts of 200,000-399,999 were 2.4 times more likely to attain elite volleyball status, while all other districts decreased the odds of expert development. For men, being born in high-density areas resulted in less chance of achieving expertise, whereas there were no differences for women. The results suggest that athletes' infrastructure and social structure play an important role in talent development, and that these structures are influenced by total population and population density, respectively.
对人才发展的情境影响（例如出生地效应）已成为体育科学家感兴趣的话题。当出生在特定城市规模会带来参与或表现优势时，就会出现出生地效应，通常对于那些出生在较小或中等规模城市的人来说是这样。本研究的目的是通过分析城市规模以及人口密度（一个重要但很少使用的变量）来调查葡萄牙排球运动员的出生地效应。参与者包括4062名排球运动员（平均年龄M = 33岁），其中53.2%为男性。利用1981年葡萄牙全国人口普查数据，我们在五个人口类别中比较了参与者（按性别）。此外，我们使用方差分析来研究专业水平和人口密度。结果表明，出生在20万至399,999人口地区的男女运动员获得精英排球地位的可能性是其他地区的2.4倍，而所有其他地区则降低了成为专家的几率。对于男性来说，出生在高密度地区导致获得专业水平的机会减少，而女性则没有差异。结果表明，运动员的基础设施和社会结构在人才发展中起着重要作用，并且这些结构分别受到总人口和人口密度的影响。
