Matioc Adrian A
From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; and the William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin.
Anesthesiology. 2017 Mar;126(3):394-408. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001508.
This second installment of the history of basic airway management covers the early-artisanal-years of anesthesia from 1846 to 1904. Anesthesia was invented and practiced as a supporting specialty in the context of great surgical and medical advances. The current-day anesthesia provider tends to equate the history of airway management with the history of intubation, but for the first 58 yr after the introduction of ether anesthesia, airway management was provided by basic airway techniques with or without the use of a face mask. The jaw thrust and chin lift were described in the artisanal years and used primarily with inhalation anesthesia in the spontaneously breathing patient and less often with negative-pressure ventilation in the apneic victim. Positive-pressure ventilation and intubation stayed at the fringes of medical practice, and airway techniques and devices were developed by trial and error. At the beginning of the 20th century, airway management and anesthetic techniques lagged behind surgical requirements.
基础气道管理历史的第二部分涵盖了1846年至1904年麻醉技术的早期手工操作阶段。在外科和医学取得巨大进步的背景下，麻醉作为一门辅助专业被发明并应用。当今的麻醉从业者往往将气道管理的历史等同于插管的历史，但在乙醚麻醉引入后的最初58年里，气道管理是通过基本气道技术来实现的，无论是否使用面罩。下颌前推和抬颏手法在手工操作阶段就已被描述，主要用于自主呼吸患者的吸入麻醉，在呼吸暂停患者的负压通气中使用较少。正压通气和插管处于医学实践的边缘，气道技术和设备是通过反复试验开发出来的。在20世纪初，气道管理和麻醉技术落后于外科手术的需求。
