Matioc Adrian A
From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin.
Anesthesiology. 2016 Feb;124(2):301-11. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000955.
Basic airway management modern history starts in the early 18th century in the context of resuscitation of the apparently dead. History saw the rise and fall of the mouth-to-mouth and then of the instrumental positive-pressure ventilation generated by bellows. Pulmonary ventilation had a secondary role to external and internal organ stimulation in resuscitation of the apparently dead. Airway access for the extraglottic technique was to the victim's nose. The bellows-to-nose technique was the "basic airway management technique" applicable by both medical and nonmedical personnel. Although the techniques had been described at the time, very few physicians practiced glottic (intubation) and subglottic (tracheotomy) techniques. Before the anesthetic era, positive-pressure ventilation was discredited and replaced by manual negative-pressure techniques. In the middle of the 19th century, physicians who would soon administer anesthetic gases were unfamiliar with the positive-pressure ventilation concept.
基本气道管理的现代历史始于18世纪初，背景是对看似已死亡者的复苏。历史见证了口对口复苏法的兴衰，随后是风箱产生的器械正压通气法的兴衰。在对看似已死亡者的复苏中，肺通气相对于外部和内部器官刺激而言处于次要地位。声门外技术的气道通路是通过受害者的鼻子。风箱对鼻技术是医疗人员和非医疗人员都可应用的“基本气道管理技术”。尽管当时已经描述了这些技术，但很少有医生实施声门（插管）和声门下（气管切开）技术。在麻醉时代之前，正压通气法声誉扫地，被手动负压技术所取代。在19世纪中叶，即将施用麻醉气体的医生并不熟悉正压通气的概念。
