Nader P R, Wexler D B, Patterson T L, McKusick L, Coates T
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla 92093-0631.
J Adolesc Health Care. 1989 Sep;10(5):413-8. doi: 10.1016/0197-0070(89)90221-0.
Beliefs about AIDS were surveyed among opportunistic samples of 1572 adolescents to compare four subgroups of youth: urban public high school students; suburban private school students; youth incarcerated in a detention facility; and a group who were contacted through a gay youth organization. The questionnaire items formed four important theoretical constructs derived by an expert group extensively involved with AIDS education. The constructs were: 1) agreement with health guidelines; 2) perceived personal threat of AIDS; 3) a sense of personal efficacy to prevent infection and the spread of AIDS; and 4) perceived norms of safe sex behaviors. In all groups, females were more likely to endorse higher norms for safe sex practices than males. Older adolescents of both sexes tended to perceive less personal threat of AIDS, and also rated lower norms for safe sex practices than did the younger adolescents. The incarcerated group of adolescents demonstrated significantly poorer knowledge and lower agreement with health guidelines (p = 0.0000), lower perceived personal threat of AIDS (p = 0.005), lower personal efficacy to prevent AIDS (p = 0.003), and lower perceived norms of safe sex practices (p = 0.0000), compared to the other groups. The education implications of these findings are discussed, including the necessity of program elements directed toward subculture peer norms and support, a realistic sense of vulnerability about AIDS, and self-confidence building as well as specific skills to prevent the infection and spread of the human immunodeficiency virus among adolescents.
我们对1572名青少年的机会样本进行了关于艾滋病观念的调查，以比较四类青少年群体：城市公立高中学生；郊区私立学校学生；被关押在拘留所的青少年；以及通过一个同性恋青年组织联系到的群体。问卷项目构成了由一个广泛参与艾滋病教育的专家小组得出的四个重要理论结构。这些结构是：1）对健康指南的认同；2）感知到的个人感染艾滋病的威胁；3）预防艾滋病感染和传播的个人效能感；4）感知到的安全性行为规范。在所有群体中，女性比男性更倾向于认同更高的安全性行为规范。两性中年龄较大的青少年往往认为个人感染艾滋病的威胁较小，并且他们对安全性行为规范的评分也低于年龄较小的青少年。与其他群体相比，被关押的青少年群体在知识方面明显较差，对健康指南的认同度较低（p = 0.0000），感知到的个人感染艾滋病的威胁较低（p = 0.005），预防艾滋病的个人效能较低（p = 0.003），以及感知到的安全性行为规范较低（p = 0.0000）。本文讨论了这些研究结果对教育的启示，包括针对亚文化同伴规范和支持、对艾滋病现实的易感性意识、自信心培养以及预防人类免疫缺陷病毒在青少年中感染和传播的具体技能等项目要素的必要性。
