Feddern Vivian, Cunha Junior Anildo, De Prá Marina C, Busi da Silva Marcio L, Nicoloso Rodrigo da S, Higarashi Martha M, Coldebella Arlei, de Abreu Paulo G
a Embrapa Suinos e Aves , Concórdia , SC , Brazil.
b Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , SC , Brazil.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2017 Jul;67(7):754-762. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2017.1279695. Epub 2017 Jan 12.
The effects of two alternative sources of animal fat-derived biodiesel feedstock on CO, CO, NO tailpipe emissions as well as fuel consumption were investigated. Biodiesel blends were produced from chicken and swine fat waste (FW-1) or floating fat (FW-2) collected from slaughterhouse wastewater treatment processes. Tests were conducted in an unmodified stationary diesel engine operating under idling conditions in attempt to simulate slow traffic in urban areas. Significant reductions in CO (up to 47% for B100; FW-2) and NO (up to 20% for B5; FW-2 or B100; FW-1) were attained when using biodiesel fuels at the expense of 5% increase in fuel consumption. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to elucidate possible associations among gas (CO, CO, and NO) emissions, cetane number and iodine index with different sources of feedstock typically employed in the biodiesel industry. NO, cetane number and iodine index were inversely proportional to CO and biodiesel concentration. High NO emissions were reported from high iodine index biodiesel derived especially from forestry, fishery and some agriculture feedstocks, while the biodiesel derived from animal sources consistently presented lower iodine index mitigating NO emissions. The obtained results point out the applicability of biodiesel fuels derived from fat-rich residues originated from animal production on mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. The information may encourage practitioners from biodiesel industry whilst contributing towards development of sustainable animal production.
Emissions from motor vehicles can contribute considerably to the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The use of biodiesel to replace or augment diesel can not only decrease our dependency on fossil fuels but also help decrease air pollution. Thus, different sources of feedstocks are constantly being explored for affordable biodiesel production. However, the amount of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), and/or nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions can vary largely depending on type of feedstock used to produce biodiesel. In this work, the authors demonstrated animal fat feasibility in replacing petrodiesel with less impact regarding greenhouse gas emissions than other sources.
研究了两种替代动物脂肪来源的生物柴油原料对一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化碳（CO₂）、氮氧化物（NOₓ）尾气排放以及燃料消耗的影响。生物柴油混合物由从屠宰场废水处理过程中收集的鸡脂肪和猪脂肪废弃物（FW - 1）或漂浮脂肪（FW - 2）制成。试验在一台未改装的固定式柴油发动机上进行，发动机在怠速条件下运行，以模拟城市地区的缓慢交通状况。使用生物柴油燃料时，CO排放量显著降低（B100；FW - 2时高达47%），NOₓ排放量也显著降低（B5；FW - 2或B100；FW - 1时高达20%），代价是燃料消耗增加5%。进行了主成分分析（PCA），以阐明生物柴油行业中通常使用的不同原料来源的气体（CO、CO₂和NOₓ）排放、十六烷值和碘值之间可能存在的关联。NOₓ、十六烷值和碘值与CO和生物柴油浓度成反比。据报道，特别是来自林业、渔业和一些农业原料的高碘值生物柴油的NOₓ排放量较高，而来自动物源的生物柴油的碘值始终较低，从而减少了NOₓ排放。所得结果表明，源自动物生产的富含脂肪残留物的生物柴油燃料在减轻温室气体排放方面具有适用性。这些信息可能会鼓励生物柴油行业的从业者，同时有助于可持续动物生产的发展。
机动车排放会对大气中的温室气体水平产生重大影响。使用生物柴油替代或增加柴油使用，不仅可以减少我们对化石燃料的依赖，还有助于减少空气污染。因此，人们不断探索不同的原料来源以生产经济实惠的生物柴油。然而，一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化碳（CO₂）和/或氮氧化物（NOₓ）的排放量会因用于生产生物柴油的原料类型而有很大差异。在这项工作中，作者证明了动物脂肪在替代石化柴油方面的可行性，与其他来源相比，其对温室气体排放的影响较小。
