Gone Terefe, Lemango Fiseha, Eliso Endale, Yohannes Samuel, Yohannes Tadele
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hosanna College of Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 159, Hosanna, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, Hosanna College of Health Sciences, Hosanna, Ethiopia.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2017 Jan 13;6(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s40249-016-0221-y.
Recent studies have presented conflicting findings about whether malaria is associated with an increased or decreased risk of malnutrition. Therefore, assessing the relationship between these two disastrous diseases in the most vulnerable groups, such as in children aged below 5 years (under-five children), may lead to the discovery of new low-cost and effective aides to current methods of malnutrition prevention in malaria-endemic areas. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the relationship between malaria and malnutrition among under five children in an area with a high degree of malaria transmission.
The study involved comparing malnourished children aged 6-59 months and nourished children of the same age for their past exposure to malaria, in Shashogo District, Southern Ethiopia. A validated structured questionnaire was used to collect home to home socioeconomic data and anthropometric instruments for clinical data. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics by means of EpiData entry software and STATA data analysis software.
A total of 356 (89 malnourished and 267 nourished) under-five children participated in the study. Previous exposure to Plasmodium infection was found to be a predictor for the manifestation of malnutrition in under-five children (P = 0.02 [OR = 1.87, CI = 1.115-3.138]). Children from a household with a monthly income of less than USD 15 were 4.5 more likely to be malnourished as compared to the other children (P = 0.001 [OR = 0.422, CI = 0.181-0.978]).
This study found that exposure to Plasmodium has a significant impact on the nutritional status of children. In addition, socio-demographic factors, such as family income, may play a role in determining whether children are malnourished or not and may lead to increased morbidity due to malnourishment in children living in malaria-endemic areas. Therefore, malnutrition control interventions should be consolidated with malaria prevention strategies particularly in high malaria transmission areas.
近期研究对于疟疾与营养不良风险增加还是降低存在相互矛盾的结果。因此，在最脆弱群体中评估这两种灾难性疾病之间的关系，比如在5岁以下儿童中，可能会发现针对疟疾流行地区当前营养不良预防方法的新的低成本且有效的辅助措施。因此，本研究旨在评估疟疾传播高度流行地区5岁以下儿童中疟疾与营养不良之间的关系。
该研究在埃塞俄比亚南部的沙绍戈区，比较了6至59个月的营养不良儿童和同龄营养良好儿童过去接触疟疾的情况。使用经过验证的结构化问卷收集逐户的社会经济数据，并使用人体测量仪器收集临床数据。通过EpiData录入软件和STATA数据分析软件，运用描述性和推断性统计方法对收集到的数据进行分析。
共有356名5岁以下儿童（89名营养不良儿童和267名营养良好儿童）参与了该研究。发现既往感染疟原虫是5岁以下儿童营养不良表现的一个预测因素（P = 0.02 [比值比（OR）= 1.87，置信区间（CI）= 1.115 - 3.138]）。与其他儿童相比，月收入低于15美元家庭的儿童营养不良的可能性高出4.5倍（P = 0.001 [OR = 0.422，CI = 0.181 - 0.978]）。
本研究发现接触疟原虫对儿童营养状况有显著影响。此外，社会人口学因素，如家庭收入，可能在决定儿童是否营养不良方面发挥作用，并可能导致疟疾流行地区儿童因营养不良而发病率增加。因此，营养不良控制干预措施应与疟疾预防策略相结合，特别是在疟疾传播高发地区。
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