Kanazawa Satoshi, Segal Nancy L
Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, UK; Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2017 Apr;156:186-191. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.11.014. Epub 2017 Jan 9.
Recent studies show that human and other mammalian breast milk may be tailored for the sex of the offspring. Such sex bias suggests that opposite-sex twins, who receive breast milk that cannot simultaneously be tailored for both sexes, may be at a disadvantage for growth compared with same-sex twins. An analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) shows that, controlling for sex, age, birth weight, and zygosity, breastfed same-sex twins are, on average, about 1 inch taller and 12 pounds heavier than their opposite-sex counterparts through adolescence and early adulthood. In contrast, never-breastfed same-sex twins tend to be shorter and lighter than their opposite-sex counterparts. These results may be potential evidence for sex bias in human breast milk and its long-term effects.
最近的研究表明，人类和其他哺乳动物的母乳可能是根据后代的性别定制的。这种性别偏见表明，异性双胞胎所接受的母乳无法同时针对两种性别进行定制，与同性双胞胎相比，他们在成长过程中可能处于劣势。对青少年健康全国纵向研究（Add Health）的数据进行分析后发现，在控制了性别、年龄、出生体重和同卵性的情况下，在整个青春期和成年早期，母乳喂养的同性双胞胎平均比异性双胞胎高约1英寸，重12磅。相比之下，从未接受母乳喂养的同性双胞胎往往比异性双胞胎更矮更轻。这些结果可能是人类母乳中存在性别偏见及其长期影响的潜在证据。
