Ramchand Rajeev, Ayer Lynsay, Fisher Gail, Osilla Karen Chan, Barnes-Proby Dionne, Wertheimer Samuel
Rand Health Q. 2015 Nov 30;5(2):20.
The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has been struggling with increasing rates of suicide among military personnel for the past decade. As DoD continues to implement new programs and examine its policies in an effort to prevent military personnel from taking their own lives, it is important to assess its current responses to suicide and to identify opportunities to enhance these programs and policies. Unfortunately, there is little scientific evidence on how best to respond to suicides, how to ensure that surveillance activities are managed appropriately and that loss survivors are given sufficient support to grieve, how additional suicides can be prevented, and how to honor and respect the decedent and his or her loved ones. At the same time, there are many resource guides intended to provide recommendations for organizations (mostly schools) in responding to suicides. A review of the existing scientific evidence on postvention (responses to prevent additional suicides in the aftermath of a suicide) and guidance for other types of organizations provides potential insights for DoD, however. Complemented by the perspectives of those most intimately touched by military suicide-the family and friends of those who have died-these sources may help DoD formulate its guidance in a practical and sensitive way.
在过去十年里，美国国防部（DoD）一直在应对军事人员自杀率不断上升的问题。随着国防部继续实施新计划并审查其政策，以努力防止军事人员自杀，评估其当前对自杀问题的应对措施并确定加强这些计划和政策的机会非常重要。不幸的是，关于如何最好地应对自杀、如何确保监测活动得到妥善管理以及如何为遗属提供足够的支持以帮助他们哀悼、如何预防更多自杀事件以及如何尊重死者及其亲人，几乎没有科学证据。与此同时，有许多资源指南旨在为各组织（主要是学校）应对自杀事件提供建议。然而，对现有关于善后干预（在自杀事件发生后防止更多自杀行为的应对措施）的科学证据以及针对其他类型组织的指导意见进行审查，可为国防部提供潜在的见解。再加上那些受军事自杀影响最深的人——死者的家人和朋友——的观点，这些资源可能有助于国防部以切实可行且体贴入微的方式制定其指导意见。
