Williams Denise Yookong, Wexler Lisa, Mueller Anna S
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Social Work.
Recenter for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Sch Soc Work J. 2022 Spring;46(2):23-69. Epub 2022 Mar 1.
Suicide is a leading cause of death for school-aged preteens and adolescents and a growing risk for younger children. Schools are the ubiquitous institutional context serving this age group. These trends suggest a need for knowledge and guidance related to school postvention efforts, yet the available research is limited. Focusing on postvention, or the period after a peer suicide occurs, is critical to youth suicide prevention because this is a time of elevated suicide risk for youth. Targeted postvention interventions in schools can mitigate youth suicide risk and limit contagion within a school's student body. This article explores the scientific literature related to school-based suicide postvention, describing the strength and limits of research supporting common recommendations for suicide postvention in schools. It identifies widespread recommendations for school postvention that have only preliminary supportive evidence and notes several areas in need of additional research. With clearer postvention best practices to guide their suicide crisis preparedness plans and postvention procedures, schools can better support students, families, and the community as a whole in order to prevent further tragedies.
自杀是学龄期儿童和青少年的主要死因，且对年幼儿童构成的风险日益增加。学校是服务这一年龄段人群的普遍存在的机构环境。这些趋势表明，需要有关学校事后干预工作的知识和指导，但现有研究有限。关注事后干预，即同伴自杀事件发生后的时期，对于预防青少年自杀至关重要，因为这是青少年自杀风险升高的时期。在学校开展有针对性的事后干预措施可以降低青少年自杀风险，并限制学校学生群体中的自杀传染效应。本文探讨了与学校自杀事后干预相关的科学文献，描述了支持学校自杀事后干预常见建议的研究的优势和局限性。它指出了学校事后干预中广泛存在的、仅有初步支持证据的建议，并指出了几个需要进一步研究的领域。有了更清晰的事后干预最佳做法来指导其自杀危机准备计划和事后干预程序，学校就能更好地支持学生、家庭以及整个社区，以防止更多悲剧的发生。
