Steinberg H
Archiv für Leipziger Psychiatriegeschichte, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2018 Jan;89(1):78-87. doi: 10.1007/s00115-016-0270-2.
Dietfried Müller-Hegemann was one of the prominent figures in East German psychiatry and psychotherapy of the 1950s and 1960s. Having been a communist prior to 1933, a resistance fighter during the National Socialist regime and having gone through political training during his exile in Soviet Russia, he proved to be a committed member of the new ruling SED socialist party in Eastern Germany. As such both governmental and party organs regarded him as a promising and reliable party member to be supported and implemented as executive staff within the new, socialist scientific system. Also, due to the fact that he supported the Pavlovian school of thought for modern psychiatry, Müller-Hegemann was installed as the new head of the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry at Leipzig University by the state secretary for higher education, notably against the clear opposition of the university medical faculty. Soon thereafter however Müller-Hegemann fell from favor due to the fact that he supported views that did not follow the strict ideological guidelines, e. g. with regard to the emergence of fascism. Moreover, he strongly opposed the separation of neurology from psychiatry as ruled by the ministry. An attempt in 1963 by junior party members and ministerial staff to remove him from office failed, but still managed to make Müller-Hegemann resign from his Leipzig post and take over that of director of the Griesinger hospital for the mentally ill in East Berlin. In May 1971, after new conflicts with party officials, he did not return from a business trip to Essen in West Germany. This study does not review the scientific and medical merits of Müller-Hegemann, but concentrates on how his career as a leading psychiatrist was manipulated, both supported and sabotaged, and ideologically controlled by the German Democratic Republic (GDR) system. His development is documented proof that party officials did not tolerate opposition, neither in ideological nor in professional questions, even if the opponent was a committed Marxist. The example of his career shows that political and ideological dissent soon melted into personal animosity and drives, as a result of which Müller-Hegemann's promising career as professor in Leipzig was terminated.
迪特里德·米勒 - 黑格曼是20世纪50年代和60年代东德精神病学和心理治疗领域的杰出人物之一。1933年之前他是共产党员，在纳粹政权时期是抵抗战士，流亡苏联期间接受过政治培训，后来他成为东德新执政的社会主义统一党（SED）的忠实成员。因此，政府和党组织都认为他是一位有前途且可靠的党员，有望在新的社会主义科学体系中担任行政职务并得到支持。此外，由于他支持将巴甫洛夫学派思想应用于现代精神病学，高等教育部国务秘书不顾莱比锡大学医学院的明确反对，任命米勒 - 黑格曼为莱比锡大学神经学与精神病学系的新主任。然而，不久之后，米勒 - 黑格曼失宠了，因为他支持的观点不符合严格的意识形态准则，例如在法西斯主义的起源问题上。此外，他强烈反对卫生部规定的神经学与精神病学分离。1963年，初级党员和部级工作人员试图将他撤职，但未成功，但仍设法让米勒 - 黑格曼辞去莱比锡的职务，转而接任东柏林格里辛格精神病院院长一职。1971年5月，在与党内官员发生新的冲突后，他前往西德埃森出差后未归。本研究不探讨米勒 - 黑格曼的科学和医学功绩，而是专注于他作为一名顶尖精神病学家的职业生涯是如何被德意志民主共和国（东德）体制操纵的，既有支持也有破坏，并且受到意识形态的控制。他的经历证明，党内官员不容忍反对意见，无论是在意识形态问题还是专业问题上，即使反对者是忠实的马克思主义者。他的职业生涯表明，政治和意识形态上的分歧很快演变成个人恩怨和冲动，结果米勒 - 黑格曼在莱比锡担任教授的有前途的职业生涯就此终结。
