Pandy M G, Berme N
Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, CA 94305.
J Biomech. 1989;22(6-7):717-24. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(89)90022-5.
In this two-part paper, a variety of three-dimensional, dynamical models are constructed for simulating the single support phases of normal and pathological human gait. A major objective of this work is to quantify the influence of individual gait determinants on the ground reaction forces generated during normal, level walking. To this end, Part 1 presents a three-dimensional, seven degree-of-freedom model incorporating five of the six fundamental determinants of gait. On the basis of crude muscle-force and/or joint-moment trajectories, body-segmental motions and ground reaction forces are synthesized open loop. Through a quantitative comparison with experimental gait data, the model's predictions are evaluated. Our simulation results suggest that pelvic list is not as dominant a dynamical determinant as either stance knee flexion-extension or foot and knee interaction. Transverse pelvic rotation, however, makes an important contribution by limiting the magnitude of the horizontal ground reaction prior to opposite heel-strike.
在这篇分为两部分的论文中，构建了多种三维动力学模型来模拟正常和病态人类步态的单支撑阶段。这项工作的一个主要目标是量化各个步态决定因素对正常水平行走过程中产生的地面反作用力的影响。为此，第一部分提出了一个三维七自由度模型，该模型纳入了六个基本步态决定因素中的五个。基于粗略的肌肉力和/或关节力矩轨迹，开环合成身体节段运动和地面反作用力。通过与实验步态数据的定量比较，对模型的预测进行评估。我们的模拟结果表明，骨盆倾斜在动力学决定因素方面不如 stance knee flexion - extension（此处原文有误，可能是stance knee flexion and extension，即站立期膝关节屈伸）或足部与膝关节相互作用那样占主导地位。然而，骨盆横向旋转通过在对侧足跟触地之前限制水平地面反作用力的大小做出了重要贡献。
