Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
Chem Rev. 2017 Feb 8;117(3):1970-2058. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00631. Epub 2017 Jan 13.
Over the course of the past 15 years the success story of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) compounds in organic, inorganic, and organometallic chemistry has been extended to another dimension. The immobilization of NHC compounds, undergoing continuous diversification, broadens their range of applications and leads to new solutions for challenges in catalytic and synthetic chemistry. This review intends to present a synthetic toolkit for the immobilization of NHC compounds, giving the reader an overview on synthetic techniques and strategies available in the literature. By individually summarizing and assessing the synthetic steps of the immobilization process, a comprehensive picture of the strategies and methodologies for the immobilization of NHC compounds is presented. Furthermore, the characterization of supported NHC compounds is discussed in detail in order to set up necessary criteria for an in-depth analysis of the immobilized derivatives. Finally, the catalytic applications of immobilized NHC compounds are briefly reviewed to illustrate the practical use of this technique for a broad variety of reaction types.
在过去的 15 年中，N-杂环卡宾（NHC）化合物在有机、无机和有机金属化学中的成功故事已经扩展到了另一个维度。NHC 化合物的固定化，不断多样化，拓宽了它们的应用范围，并为催化和合成化学中的挑战提供了新的解决方案。本文旨在为 NHC 化合物的固定化提供一个合成工具包，使读者全面了解文献中可用的合成技术和策略。通过分别总结和评估固定化过程的合成步骤，呈现了固定化 NHC 化合物的策略和方法的综合图景。此外，还详细讨论了负载 NHC 化合物的表征，以便为深入分析固定化衍生物建立必要的标准。最后，简要综述了固定化 NHC 化合物的催化应用，以说明该技术在广泛的反应类型中的实际应用。
